The Constitution We the People of the United

The Constitution “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ” ~Preamble of the Constitution ~

The Outline n Article I: Legislative Branch n Article II: Executive Branch n Article III: Judicial Branch n Article IV: Relations among the States n Article V: Amendment Procedure n Article VI: Ratification Procedure n Article VII: Supremacy Clause, et al. n 27 Amendments n 1 -10: Bill of Rights

Article I: House of Representatives n 435 members n n Apportioned by population Elected every 2 years n Congressmen/women must be: n n n At least 25 years old Citizen for at least 7 years Citizen of the state to be represented n 27 Representatives from New York n Louise Slaughter (D-25 th)

Article I: Senate n 100 members n n 2 from each state Continuous body: 1/3 of the body is up for election every two years n Senators must be: n n n At least 30 years old A citizen for at least 9 years Resident of the state represented n NY Senators: n n Chuck Schumer (D) Kirsten Gillibrand (D)

Article I: Leadership House of Representatives n Presiding officer n Speaker of the House n Senate n Presiding officers n John Boehner(R-OH) n n Floor Leaders n Majority leader n n Kevin Mc. Carthy (R-CA) Minority leader n Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) President of Senate n n n Vice President Joe Biden Breaks ties President pro tempore n Patrick Leahy (D-VT) n Floor Leaders ** n Majority leader n n Harry Reid (D-NV) Minority leader n Mitch Mc. Connell (R-KY)

Article I: Powers n 17 Enumerated/ Expressed powers n Implied powers n n House of Representatives n Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 n n Necessary and Proper Clause Elastic Clause All bills dealing with money start here n n Taxes Appropriations n Senate n n Confirms appointments Ratifies treaties (2/3 necessary) “To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper n “Little Bill of Rights” for carrying into Execution n Habeas Corpus the foregoing Powers” n Bill of Attainder ~ Art. I, Sect. 8, Cl. 18 ~ n Ex Post Facto

How a Bill Becomes a Law Original Bill President O T E House Committee Riders “Pork House Barrel” Senate V House Bill Senate Committee Senate Bill Conference Committee Compromise Bill

Article I: Impeachment n Presidents, Judges, etc. n Hearing n House impeaches n n Similar to indictment Majority necessary n n n Chief Justice of SCOTUS presides Senate acts as jury 2/3 necessary to removed from office n 2 Presidents have been impeached n None convicted

Article II: The Presidency n The President must be: n n n At least 35 years old Natural born citizen Resident for 14 years n Powers n Veto n n n May be overridden by a 2/3 majority in both houses of Congress If President does not veto bill within 10 days, automatically becomes law Pocket veto: If Congress adjourns within that 10 day period, the bill dies n n n Commander-in-chief of armed forces Chief diplomat Appointment n n n SCOTUS Justices Cabinet members Pardon

Article II: The Cabinet State Treasury Defense Justice (Attorney General) n Interior n Labor n Homeland Security n n n Other Departments n n n n Agriculture Commerce Education Energy Health and Human Services Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Transportation Veteran’s Affairs

Article III: Supreme Court n Judicial Review n SCOTUS may declare laws unconstitutional n Justices n n Appointed by POTUS Confirmed by Senate n 9 Justices n n n Removal of justices n Resignation Impeachment Death n n William Rehnquist n n n Chief Justice Stephen Breyer Ruth Bader Ginsburg Anthony Kennedy Sandra Day O’Conner Antonin Scalia John Paul Stevens David Souter Clarence Thomas

Articles IV, V, & VI n Article IV: The States n Full Faith and Credit n n n Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) Privileges and Immunities Extradition n Article V: Amendments n Proposed n n n By Congress (2/3 majority in both Houses) By new national convention called by 2/3 of states Ratified n n By 3/4 of state legislatures By 3/4 of special state conventions

Article V: Amendments Two Methods of Proposing Two Methods of Ratifying n Proposed by a 2/3 n Ratified by 3/4 of majority in each House n Proposed by a convention called for by 2/3 of State legislatures the State legislatures n Ratified by conventions in 3/4 of the States.

Articles IV, V, & VI n Article IV: The States n Full Faith and Credit n n Article VI Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) Privileges and Immunities Extradition n Article V: Amendments n Proposed n By Congress (2/3 majority in both Houses) By new national convention called by 2/3 of states n No religious requirements Supremacy Clause n n Constitution National Law/Treaties State Constitutions State Laws “This Constitution…shall be Ratified the supreme Law of n By 3/4 of state legislatures the Land” n By 3/4 of special state conventions ~ Art. VI, Sect. 2 ~ n n n

Bill of Rights n 1 st Amendment n Religion n n n No establishment Free exercise Speech Press Assembly Petition n 2 nd Amendment n Right to bear arms n 3 rd Amendment n No quartering of troops

Bill of Rights n 4 th Amendment n No unreasonable searches and seizures n 5 th Amendment n n Due Process Protection from: n n n Self-incrimination Double jeopardy Eminent domain n 6 th Amendment n Right to: n n n Speedy trial Confront witnesses Legal counsel n 7 th Amendment n Right to trial by jury n 8 th Amendment n n No excessive bail No cruel or unusual punishment n 9 th Amendment n Other rights not mentioned n 10 th Amendment n Powers reserved to the states