The Conjunction
It is a part of speech which denotes connections between objects and phenomena. It connects pats of the sentence, clauses, and sentences.
Joseph ate a hot dog. Joseph ate a french fries. Joseph ate a hot dog and a french fries.
According to their morphological structure conjunctions are divided into the folowing groups: • simple: and, or, but, till, after, that, so, where, when, etc. ; • derivative: until, unless, etc. ; • compound: however, whereas, wherever, etc. ; • composite: as well as, as long as, in case, for fear (that), on the ground that, for the reason that, etc. • some conjunctions are used in pairs: both…and, either…or, not only…but (also), neither … nor, whether … or.
As to their function conjunctions fall under two classes: • Coordinating conjunctions; • Subordinating conjunctions.
Copulative: and, nor, as well as, both … and, not only … but (also), neither … nor Not only she is a pretty girl, but also smart.
Disjunctive: or, either … or, or else, else. Mary should study hard, or else she won’t pass exams.
Adversative: but, while, whereas. Sam has won the first prize, but he doesn’t seem too satisfied.
Causative-consecutive: so, for. I drank a cup of strong coffee, so I couldn’t fall asleep for a long time.
Subordinating conjunctions: • The conjunction that introduces subject clauses, object clauses, predicative clauses, adverbial clauses, and attributive clauses. • The conjunction if introduces object clauses and adverbial clauses of condition. • The conjunction as introduces adverbial clauses of time, of cause, and of comparison. • The conjunction while may express both coordination and subordination. • Conjunctions such as as if, as though, if are used in simple sentences.
