The Cold War Part I Origins of the

The Cold War Part I. Origins of the Cold War Part II. Cold War Clashes in the 1950 s

Part I. Origins of the Cold War

U. S. –Soviet Tension Had Deep Roots • U. S. had been an anti-Communist power since the very beginning – We had actually sent troops to Russia during WWI to try to crush the Communist Revolution occurring at the time • Side note--- maintain a two front war on Germany – Remember the 1 st Red Scare in the 1920 s? – Remember that Stalin originally made a deal with Hitler to avoid conflict so that Hitler could focus on defeating the Western democracies? – Remember how we delayed opening a ‘real’ 2 nd front in WWII? • We joined with the Soviets during WWII only because we hated Hitler more! • After World War II, the U. S. Viewed the Soviet Union with renewed suspicion – Would Stalin really give up Eastern Europe after having conquered it by force and at the cost of 20 million dead? – NO! – Stalin- “No one ever gives away at the conference table what they have won on the field of battle. ”

Why a Clash? Ideology and Economics • U. S. – private property and competition – Five freedoms • • • Speech Assembly Religion Press Petition • Soviet Union – no Private Property and shared consumption – Censorship, no religion, no freedoms

After WWII, Both Nations Attempted to ‘Seize the Strategic High Ground’ • In other words, if there is going to be a fight over the future direction of the world, get in the best position to win this fight • Get Spheres of Influence – Definition? – Why were there so many countries ‘up for grabs’ at this point?

America Attempted to Seize the High Ground • Marshall Plan – U. S. gives billions of dollars to help rebuild war-torn Europe – Why were we so nice? – We even offered money to Eastern European countries held by the Soviet Union. • Why? • Truman Doctrine – Rush American military supplies and forces to any country threatened by Communism – Containment

Soviet Attempted to Grab the High Ground • Stalin kept Eastern Europe – Set up puppet governments • Stalin “No government has ever given up at the conference table what it has won with blood on the field of battle. ”

Part II. Early Cold War Clashes

The Berlin Airlift • As a response to Containment, Stalin shut the roads into West Berlin – What was West Berlin’s unique status at this point? • American Response? – Supply the millions in West Berlin by air • 277, 000 flights over the space of a year – Made the Soviets look silly • “We stop you. Whoops… you have planes? Argh! • Stalin eventually backed down and reopened the roads – U. S. – 1 U. S. S. R- 0 • First instance of Cold War ‘chicken’ – More officially called Brinksmanship – Meaning?

A Visual Approach • Can you think of why a tiny piece of a democratic country in the middle of a Totalitarian country was such a threat? • Impossible to maintain censorship! Berlin

NATO and the Warsaw Pact • During the Berlin Airlift, western democratic nations formed an alliance group to demonstrate their solidarity (unity) against the Soviets – NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization • The Soviets responded with their own organization – The Warsaw Pact

Starting in 1949, Cold War Tension Grew Rapidly (out of control? ? ? ) • China fell to Communism – A bit of a failure of containment, no? • The Soviet Union got the atomic Bomb • The Nuclear Arms Race – H Bombs – Space Race/ICBMs – M. A. D.

Hydrogen Bombs • Not Only Did Weapons Have Greater Range, but their destructive power grew • Atom Bomb… Fission Bomb… • Hydrogen Bomb… Fusion Bomb… • The Hiroshima blast had exploded with the force of 15, 000 tons of dynamite. The largest hydrogen bombs today explode with the force of 60, 000 tons of dynamite. So a bomb today is like 4000 Hiroshimas. • In a test with a 50 megaton Soviet bomb, people 50 miles from the site of the blast were blown off of their feet.

Space Race- In 1957, Sputnik Increased the Atom Bomb Hysteria • Basketball shaped Soviet satellite – Why would this increase fear? • Sputnik II included a dog named Laika. • ICBMs… • Interesting side not that it was basically the American’s Germans competing against the Soviets Germans…

MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) • By the 1960 s, it was fairly clear that in a nuclear war, everyone would die. • Even if the bombs didn’t kill everyone, scientists predicted a nuclear winter and nuclear fallout would • Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado • Things started to get crazy. The Soviets started work on a system to shoot down ICBMs. The U. S. responded by creating ICBMs with multiple warheads, so the missile could split and hit 10 or more cities and avoid being shot down. • M. A. D= Everyone will die, so don’t even start!

Light Blue = Nuclear States (OK under UN NPT) Red= Nuclear States (not OK’d by UN NPT) Yellow= Everyone believes Israel has a nuke but Israel denies it Black= suspected of trying to join the nuclear club (against wishes of UN NPT) • Dark Blue = NATO countries that have weapons stationed in them by light blue states • Green= Countries that had nukes at one time, but dismantled them to be in accordance with UN NPT • •

So why was it called a “Cold War? ” • Fear of direct U. S. Soviet confrontation – Too dangerous M. A. D. • So you fight (war) for world control but in every way short (cold) of full scare war • Oh, so there was no fighting in the Cold War? – Not so fast… Proxy Wars

Proxy Wars • We can’t fight directly, but maybe we can fight indirectly, through ‘stand ins’ (or ‘Proxies’) • Anybody know the name of the early 1950 s Proxy War between the U. S. and USSR/China? • Korean War!

Hansen U. S. History The Cold War Part I. Origins of the Cold War • U. S. –Soviet Tension Had Deep Roots – U. S. had been an anti-Communist power since the very beginning • We had actually ________________ to try to crush the Communist Revolution occurring at the time – Side note--- ___________on Germany • Remember the __________ in the 1920 s? • Remember that Stalin originally _______________________ so that Hitler could focus on defeating the __________ ? • Remember how we delayed opening a __________________________? – We joined with the Soviets during WWII only because ___________________! – After World War II, the U. S. Viewed the Soviet Union with renewed suspicion • Would Stalin really give up Eastern Europe after having __________ and at the cost of _______? • NO! • Stalin- “No one ever gives away at the _______ what they have won on the _________. ” • Why a clash? Ideology and Economics – U. S. • ________________ • Five freedoms – Speech, Assembly, _____, Press , Petition – Soviet Union • ________________________ • Censorship, no religion, no freedoms • After WWII, Both Nations Attempted to ‘Seize the Strategic High Ground’ – In other words, if there is going to be a fight over the future direction of the world, get in ________________ – Get Spheres of Influence • Definition? -________________________ • Why were there so many countries _______ at this point? – __________________________________________________________________ America Attempted to Seize the High Ground • ___________ • U. S. __________ to help rebuild ________________ • Why were we so nice? _______________________________ • We even offered money to Eastern European countries held by __________. • Why? - _______________ • Truman Doctrine • Rush American military supplies and forces to any country ________________ • Soviets Attempted to Grab the High Ground • Stalin kept ___________ • Set up _________ Part II. Early Cold War Clashes • The Berlin Airlift • As a response to Containment, Stalin ____________________________________ • What was West Berlin’s unique status at this point? ______________________________________________ • American Response? • Supply the millions in West Berlin _______ • ________ over the space of a year • Made the Soviets _______ • We’ll stop you. Whoops… you have planes? ____” • Stalin eventually _______ and __________ • U. S. – ____ U. S. S. R- ______ • First instance of _______________ • More officially called _________ • Meaning? - _________________________________________ •

• • NATO and the Warsaw Pact – During the Berlin Airlift, _____________ formed an alliance group to demonstrate their solidarity (______) against the _______ • NATO ____________________ – The Soviets responded with their own organization • _______________ Starting in 1949, Cold War Tension Grew Rapidly (________? ? ? ) – _______fell to Communism • A bit of a ______________, no? – The Soviet Union got the _____________ – The Nuclear __________ • H Bombs • Space Race/ICBMs • M. A. D. Hydrogen Bombs – Not Only Did Weapons Have Greater Range, but their ______________________ – Atom Bomb… Fission Bomb… – Hydrogen Bomb… __________… – The Hiroshima blast had exploded with the force of 15, 000 tons of dynamite. The largest hydrogen bombs today explode with the force of ___________ tons of dynamite. So a bomb today is like _______ Hiroshimas. – In a test with a ________ Soviet bomb, people __________________ were blown off of their feet. Space Race- In 1957, _______ Increased the Atom Bomb Hysteria – __________ Soviet satellite • Why would this increase fear? _________________________________ • Sputnik II included a _______________ – ICBMs… - ________________________________________________ – Interesting side not that it was basically the American’s _____ competing against the Soviets _______… • • M. A. D. (________________) • By the 1960 s, it was fairly clear that in a nuclear war, _______________. • Even if the bombs didn’t kill everyone, scientists predicted a nuclear winter ( _____________) and nuclear fallout (_________________ ) would • _______________ in Colorado • Things started to get crazy. The Soviets started work on a system to _______________. The U. S. responded by creating ICBMs with _________, so the missile could split and hit ____________ and avoid being shot down. • M. A. D= ____________________! So Why Was it Called the Cold War? • Fear of ____ U. S. Soviet confrontation • Too dangerous M. A. D. • So you fight (_______) for world control but in every way short (_______ ) of full scare war • Oh, so there was no fighting in the Cold War? • Not so fast… ___________ • We can’t fight directly, but maybe we _________, through ‘___________’ (or ‘Proxies’) • Anybody know the name of the early 1950 s Proxy War between the U. S. and USSR/China? • _______