The Civil War Social Studies Lesson Power Point

The Civil War Social Studies Lesson Power Point Laura G. Sarah T. Sheena S. ED 639

The Civil War- Factors Leading Up to the War § 8 th grade American History

Objectives § At the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: § recognize the political, economic, geographic, and social factors that influenced the outbreak of war § Identify and define the major events/acts

Materials § § § Textbook Atlas Handouts-maps, court materials, political cartoons § Colored pencils § Note-taking materials

Useful Websites The History Place Civilwar. com American Civil War The American Civil War Page

Economic Issues § Tariffs, Tariffs § A tariff is a tax paid on imports § Hurt South because it raised the price of goods that they had to buy; Protected North because they could make their own goods and made it easier to compete with foreign goods § South was paying almost 87% of tariff revenue while abolitionists were attacking their way of life. § How would this make you feel? § Tariff of Abomination-1828, was revised in 1833 under threat of secession

Secession and Nullification § Idea 1 st appeared during War of 1812 when New Englanders were upset with the war § The 1828 Tariff was viewed as unfair and threatening to the South § VP John C. Calhoun wrote “The South Carolina Exposition and Protest” advocating the right to nullify federal laws –South Carolina followed his advice § Andrew Jackson managed to avoid a war during the Nullification Crisis by allowing a reduced tariff to be passed § Key issue was about states’ rights

The Issue of Slavery and Expansion § The Constitution failed to end slavery § It gave South an advantage in House and the Presidency with the 3/5 clause § Cotton Gin (by Eli Whitney) revived the importance of cotton and therefore slavery § Slavery was an important aspect to the Southern economy- cash crops/plantations § Only 26% of whites in South owned slaves, yet slaves were 1/3 -1/2 of the population § Why would non-slave holders support slavery?

Abolition § The religious revivals of the 1820’s made ABOLITIONISM an important issue § Believed slavery was evil; wanted to abolish slavery. Used publications (The Liberator), petitions, and more extreme measures to end slavery. § Others: § Free-soilers- wanted to only limit the expansion of slavery § Colonialists- wanted to end slavery and return them back to Africa; advocated by Monroe, Lincoln, and many other politicians and Northerners § What present day country is a result of this idea?

Frederick Douglass § Runaway Slave § Joined abolitionist movement; was anti-colonization § Was hired by William Lloyd Garrison as a speaker; became world famous § Also supported equal political rights for women § May 1845, 5, 000 copies of his book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave were published § 1847 published own paper North Star in Rochester, NY § During Civil War, served as advisor to Lincoln § What made Douglass so famous and so controversial?

The Missouri Compromise • Created by Henry Clay • Admitted Missouri as a slave state (1821), Maine as a free state (1820); Kept the balance; Created free/slave line at 36’ 30°N in hopes of resolving future issues • Western expansion was the desire and fear of both sides • New states would create an imbalance in Congress • Made the imbalance of states and slavery a major issue in the political arena

The Compromise of 1850 § Collection of 5 compromises created by Henry Clay as a way to keep the Union together following the acquisition of territory from the Mexican War § Texas would relinquish the disputed land (for $10 million to pay off its debt to Mexico) § NM, NV, UT, & AZ would be added without mentioning slavery § Slave trade would be abolished in DC (slavery would still be legal) § California would be a free state § Fugitive Slave Law would be enacted

Compromise of 1850 § Kept the Union together for another decade, but… § The Fugitive Slave Law was the most controversial of the acts § It required citizens to aid in the recovery of fugitive slaves and denied fugitives to a trial by jury § Abolitionists resolved to end slavery immediately

The Kansas-Nebraska Act § Passed by Congress on May 30, 1854; allowed the people of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether they would be free or slave § Repealed the Missouri Compromise since the states were north of the 36’ 30°N line § Upset many Northerners who saw line as a permanent agreement; was supported by many Southerners as a way of expanding slavery and political support

§ § Aftermath of K-N Act: Bloody Kansas Both pro- and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas to affect the vote Pro-slavery won out, but the election was seen as fraudulent; another anti-slavery election was held- Result? 2 legislatures! Violence erupted, led by John Brown President Pierce sent troops to stop the violence; another election was held, but it too was charged with fraud and Congress refused to recognize Kansas as a state (until 1861 as a free state)

John Brown • Raised in North by deeply religious, radical abolitionists • Met Frederick Douglas in 1847 • Waged a war against those who supported slavery in Kansas • On Oct. 16, 1859, he led 21 other men on an assault against Harper’s Ferry, a federal arsenal. • Was put down by Federal troops led by Lee • He was tried of treason and executed • Seen as a martyr for the abolitionist cause and a major threat to Southerners (and many Northerners) • List some reasons why both Southerners and Northerners would be opposed to abolition.

Dred-Scott Decision-1857 § Dred Scott was a slave who lived in Illinois and Wisconsin (free states), then was moved back to Missouri (a slave state) § He appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes to gain his freedom § Court ruled that Scott was black, therefore not a citizen and had no right to sue and should be treated as property § This ruling incited abolitionists; however, Douglass believed the decision would bring to light the issue of slavery and its eventual downfall

Student Activities § 1. Write a persuasive letter for war from the viewpoint of a Southerner or a Northerner § 1 -2 pages in length § Use at least 3 of the discussed factors to create your argument

§ 2. Complete a Map Activity and Answer the Questions § On the map: § Identify the territories and the new states that were added and when § identify the states that remained in the Union § the border states § the states that seceded § with the dates of secession

§ 3. Analyze the political cartoons. § § § What do the cartoons mean? Who is the intended audience? Compare with a modern political cartoon. What are the similarities? Differences?

§ 4. Divide into 2 groups, 1 a defense team and 1 a prosecuting team. Recreate the trial of Dred Scott using the arguments of the historical players and original arguments.

§ 5. Create a timeline of events that helped lead to the eruption of the Civil War in 1861.