The Civil Rights Movement Today s Standards US

The Civil Rights Movement

Today’s Standards US. 89 Examine court cases in the evolution of civil rights, including Brown v. Board of Education and Regents of the University of California v. Bakke US. 90 Examine the roles of civil rights advocates US. 92 Describe significant events in the struggle to secure civil rights for African American

89. Key Supreme Court Cases l A. Brown v. Boardl Supreme Court overturned Plessey v. Ferguson l Outlawed Segregation in Public Schools l B. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. Upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. C. Gideon v. Wainwright l l l Anyone accused of a crime had to be given a lawyer paid for by the state if they could not afford one D. Escobedo v. Illinois Suspects have the right to council during a police interrogation E. Miranda v. Arizona. Police had to read suspects their rights when they are arrested Miranda Rights

90 A. Martin Luther King Jr. Baptist minister Helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Believed in non- violent protests (Gandhi) Arrested in Birmingham, AL for having a parade without a permit (Letter from a Birmingham Jail)

90 B. Malcolm X Became a member of the Nation of Islam while in prison Left the organization after a leadership dispute with Nation founder Elijah Muhammad Believed blacks had the right to fight for their rights using any means necessary

90 C. Thurgood Marshall Lawyer Argued the Brown v. Board Case Became first African. American Supreme Court justice

90 D. Rosa Parks Arrested when she refused to give up a seat on a Montgomery bus to a white passenger Started Montgomery Bus Boycott

90 E. Stokely Carmichael 4 th Chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Believed African Americans should use their economic and political power to cause change “Black Power”

90 F. JFK- sent federal marshals to protect black students at University of Mississippi and University of Alabama and to ensure they were allowed to enroll 90 G. Robert Kennedy- Attorney General, used his power to enforce court rulings over school desegregation 90 H. LBJ- push for passage of civil rights and voting rights acts by Congress

90 I. James Meredith l Attempted to register at Ole Miss and become its first African American Student l Race Riots by white supremacists l Given protection by Federal Marshals so he could enter the school

90 J. Jim Lawson University professor Leading advocate of nonviolence within the American Civil Rights Mentor to the Nashville Student Movement and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.

91 A. Strom Thurmond Governor and later senator from South Carolina Opposed to Federal Legislation to end segregation Thought it was a state’s rights issue Ran for president in 1948 on the Dixiecrat ticket

91 B. George Wallace Governor of Alabama Opposed the end of segregation “Stand in the School House Door”

91 C. Orval Faubus Governor of Arkansas Shutdown every public school in the state for one year to avoid the integration of Little Rock Central High School

91 D. “Bull” Connor Police chief of Birmingham, AL during the Civil Rights era Known for his use of attack dogs and high pressure hoses on civil rights activists

Birmingham Violence

91 E. KKK White supremacy organization against desegregation Often had ties to southern government during the Civil Rights Movement Responsible for most of the violence against civil right workers and protesters in the south

Assignment Do you believe that America has finally realized Martin Luther King Jr. ’s dream? Why or Why Not?

92 A. Columbia Race Riots- Columbia, TN, February 1946, violence by whites against local blacks after a black solider and his mother had a dispute with a white clerk over a radio she had left to be repaired was sold, first black resistance in TN to discrimination 92 B. Tent Cities of Haywood and Fayette Counties. African Americans who had lost their jobs and homes because they registered to vote set up tent cities on black property, attacked by KKK

92 C. Highlander Folk School- Monteagle, TN, taught civil right activist how to do nonviolent protests SCLC, SNCC, and CORE – Civil right groups who taught its member the methods and important of nonviolent protests

92 D. Little Rock Central High School First school in south to integrate President Eisenhower sent in National Guard to integrate Little Rock Central High School

92 D. Clinton High School First School in TN to be desegregated Governor Frank Clement sent the National Guard to escort the black students

92 E. Montgomery Bus Boycott Response to Rosa Park’s arrest Lead to the integration of Montgomery city buses

92 F. Birmingham Bombings Several Birmingham African American Churches fire-bombed by white supremacists Young Girls in a Sunday School Class were killed Suspect found not guilty of murder by all white jury Suspect convicted on related charges 20 years later

Inside the church

92 G. Freedom Riders White College Students from the North and African American Civil Rights Leaders took Buses around the Deep South Met with by violence from some white southerners

92 H. Martin Luther King Jr. and his March on Washington August 1963 March by African Americans and whites in Washington to protest the lack of federal laws protecting civil rights “I have a Dream” given by MLK from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial

92 I. Nashville Sit-ins Sit-in strike by African American students over segregation at Nashville Lunch Counters Forced the integration of the Lunch Counters in Nashville Department Stores Diane Nash

92 J. Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. - Memphis, TN There to support sanitation workers on strike Assassinated by White Supremacist James Earl Ray

94 Civil Rights Act A. 1964 - Ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public C. Amended in 1968 to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental and financing of housing (Fair Housing Act)

B. Voting Rights Act- gave the federal government the right to oversee and act where the right to vote was being denied to qualified citizens by local governments, brought about by the Selma march D. 24 th Amendment- outlawed the use of a poll tax before people could vote

95 Other Movements Chicano Movement- Mexican American Civil Rights Movement, goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment and better wages for Mexican tenant farmers American Indian Movement – advocated more control by Native Americans over their tribal lands and a end to discrimination against natives Feminist Movement- fought for equal rights and equal opportunities for women, push for constitutional amendment failed

Civil Rights Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What supreme court decision ended segregation in public schools? Which school was the first one in the south to be desegregated? In Tennessee? Who refused to give up a seat on a bus and started the Montgomery Bus Boycott? What Alabama city was known for racial violence and police brutality of black protesters during the 1960’s? What organization did Malcolm X join while in prison? What tactic did Diane Nash and other civil rights protesters use to integrate Nashville lunch counters during the 1960 s?