The Center for Information Technology in the Interests

The Center for Information Technology in the Interests of Society (CITRIS) Paul Wright (ME Dept. ) Chief Scientist, CITRIS (BWRC Faculty: Bob Brodersen, Ali Niknejad, Bora Nikolic, Jan Rabaey, John Wawrzynek, Paul Wright and Gary Kelson) (CITRIS Director Shankar Sastry and Executive Director Gary Baldwin)

CITRIS mission § CITRIS was created by the previous Governor’s initiative in ~2000 to bring new focus on societal scale challenges § Four UC campuses are focused on applying IT to. . § Intelligent Infrastructure § Energy, water, earthquake preparedness, security… § Health care and bio-medical services/products § Services Science (especially encouraged by IBM) § The center is funded by the State of California and industry § A new building is presently under construction on our main campus … § It will host major laboratories (including space for BWRC as needed) + a state of the art Nano. Fabrication Laboratory 2 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

An example of a BWRC + CITRIS project Our prototype system balances occupant comfort vs. price preferences with automatic, reactive short-term load shedding and long-term energy reduction Utility Real. Time Meter Price Signal Air Conditioner Disaggregation of Thermostat into Nodes, Control, Wright BWRC/CITRIS 3 Interface, and Communication Preference slider

Founding Corporate Members Platinum Corporate Members Associate Corporate Members 4 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

CITRIS Organizational Structure UC Chancellors C. Tomlinson-Keasey, UC Merced (Chair) Robert J. Birgeneau, UC Berkeley Denise D. Denton, UC Santa Cruz L. Vanderhoef, UC Davis CITRIS Executive Committee (Academic) CITRIS @ UC Berkeley Director – S. Shankar Sastry Executive Director- Gary Baldwin Institute Advisory Board (Industry) CITRIS @ UC Santa Cruz CITRIS @ UC Merced CITRIS @ UC Davis Campus Director – Campus Director - Patrick Mantey Campus Director - Jeffrey Wright Campus Director – S. J. Ben Yoo S. Shankar Sastry Chief Scientist - Alex Pang Acting Chief Scientist – German Gavilan Chief Scientist - Paul Wright UC Berkeley 5 Wright BWRC/CITRIS UC Merced UC Davis UC Santa Cruz

What’s the difference between BWRC and CITRIS? § CITRIS works with its affiliate centers – BWRC as a leading example --- towards commercial & social impact § For BWRC supporters CITRIS provides an additional impact opportunity --- to “funnel” our basic core science (WSNs, UWB, 60 GHz etc) into commerce, societal problems, and shifts in public policy § No other CA organization brings the multi-disciplinary horsepower together, to focus on innovative technology “in the service of society, ” like CITRIS § CITRIS provides a unique “glue” and “roll-out opportunity” for seemingly disparate activities 6 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

BWRC as a “feeder” to CITRIS § Put in another way…. § How is CITRIS different from BWRC… but how do the two operations work together? § BWRC is in the “research business” of fundamental research in low power radios, UWB, >60 GHz. . § CITRIS is in the “research business” of applying these fundamental ideas to new products, new health services, energy efficiency, homeland security … 7 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

BWRC as a “feeder” to CITRIS A BWRC thesis: “Ultra Low Power Transmitters for 8 Wireless Sensor Networks, ” The thesis proposed the design and optimization of nodes for wireless sensor networks with ultra low power, namely: consume less than 100 microwatts of average power for a long life; cost less than $1 for a low system cost; and occupy less than one cubic centimeter (Yuen Hui Chee) A CITRIS thesis: Wireless sensor networks for energy efficiency. This thesis reports on packet-level performance of 2. 4 GHz Telos wireless sensor nodes in residential environments. The objective is to characterize the packet loss to determine the necessity of mesh networking for residential wireless sensor networks. The results describe two deployments in four residential houses (Nate Ota) Wright BWRC/CITRIS

How we think about CITRIS projects… • • • 9 If successful, how will it change the world? = Societal pull How will it use CITRIS technology/skills = “Tech. push” Does it leverage multi-campus CITRIS research teams? Are the metrics for success well-established? Has it passed competitive peer review: awarded federal or State funding? Can our corporate/federal/state sponsors find enough value to buy in? Are student initiatives (e. g. , student clubs) represented? Sponsor international symposium in this area? Constantly strive for synergy among 4 (not 1) campuses and sponsors Wright BWRC/CITRIS

CITRIS project overview § 1. Intelligent infrastructures § § § Health Care Energy Water Infrastructure TIER Natural disasters Cyber-security TIER – (projects for the developing world) Services § 2. Healthcare § Implantable wireless sensors (BSN) § Link to home-wireless § IT services § 3. Services: Science, Management, and Engineering § Academic curriculum § Research agenda 10 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures § § Energy Water Health Care § § § Cyber-infrastructure Natural Disasters Transportation For intelligent infrastructures, BWRC/CITRIS provides the leverage for: § § Generic technology – hardware platforms (motes) shared by all… Common elements – low-power radios, sensors, MEMS-sensors, Common software – Tiny. DB, Deluge, Common labs § Testbeds at Berkeley (Soda, Etcheverry, Cory, BWRC) Merced, Santa Cruz, Davis § Common infrastructure is raising all boats § 11 Annual symposium on intelligent infrastructures planned Wright BWRC/CITRIS

1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures (also relates to California Governor’s proposal) § 1950 s and 1960 s phenomenal investment in the state’s highways, ports, energy & water supply systems, schools and universities created the 6 th largest economy in the world § In 1955 the population was ~13 million but by 2025 it will be 46 million § Older investments showing their age + expansion needs added resources § Strategic growth plan ~$250 b. – first 10/20 year effort § Calls for “expanded authority to fund and deliver projects through a variety of public-private partnerships” 12 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures (five & ten years in billions of dollars) Topic Next five 1. Energy $ 25 billion …. 2. Transportation/Air quality $ 42. 0 billion $ 65. 0 billion K-12 Education $ 17. 5 billion $ 30. 7 billion Higher Education $ 5. 4 billion $ 6. 3 billion 3. Flood control and water supply $ 11. 0 billion $ 24. 0 billion 4. Public safety $ 8. 1 billion $ 9. 3 billion 5. Courts and other public service infrastructure 13 First five $ 2. 3 billion $ 1. 0 billion Wright BWRC/CITRIS

2. BWRC + CITRIS = Health Care dollar opportunities § § 10 % of population over 60 expected to grow to 25 % by 2030. § 14 We spend $ 2 T per year in health care (16% of GDP). Huge opportunities to make a difference in continuous monitoring (tele-medicine) for chronic conditions, elder care. Wright BWRC/CITRIS

2. BWRC + CITRIS = Health Care dollar opportunities § Implantables and wireless monitoring (see Jan’s talk) § Exquisite Detection: presymptomatic detection of disease (BSAC leading the way with lab on a chip, bio-sensors, . . ) § Use of EDA like methods to do open source analysis of gene-protein, protein-protein networks: Biospice, Syn. Bio (joint with QB-3) § Stem Cell Initiative and Tissue Engineering (including social, legal and ethical considerations) 15 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

3. BWRC + CITRIS = Impact at “Service Layer” (using Health Care here as an example) § What impact can mobile phones have on user health? § Imperial College, Rifat Atun et al. , Vodaphone (3. 25. 06) § 150 examples of text messaging in health care delivery § 1) Efficiency gains: reduce number of lost appointments (UK) § 26 -39% (GPs), 33 -50% (Hospitals) = £ 256 -364 m. Savings § 2) Public-health gains: hard to reach locations / also teenagers! § WHO: India > Tuberculosis: Kenya, Nigeria, Mali > HIV&Malaria § 3) Treatment regime: take medicine now! exercise! don’t smoke! § § 16 Diabetes is a good example of this requiring constant management “Good” patients measure blood-sugar levels and inject insulin 3 x/d V. Franklin (Dundee), “Sweet Talk” > Text messages to teenagers Increased “self-efficacy, ” haemoglobin Hb. A 1 c was 14% lower Wright BWRC/CITRIS

Summary: BWRC + CITRIS 17 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

Summary: BWRC >> CITRIS Adoption needs lower power radios & cheaper devices <100 m. W integrated node Base Band RF + Antenna Baseband (mixed-signal) 64 K Clock memory Generation Locationing Engine Digital Processor(s) Sensors Voltage Conv GPIO Serial Interface DW 8051 μc Neighbor System List Supervisor Network Queues DLL Power Supply Network • Simplest possible processor • Dedicated accelerators when needed • Aggressive power management • Minimizing supply voltage Courtesy: Mike Sheets 18 Wright BWRC/CITRIS

Incoming price signals BWRC Low Power Radios in Demand Response in CA 1. New Thermostat with touchpad shows price of electricity in ¢/k. Whr + expected monthly bill. *Automatic adjustment of HVAC price/comfort. *Appliance nodes glow-colors based on price. 2. New Meter conveys real-time usage, back to service provider 3. Wireless beacons throughout the house allow for fine grained comfort/control Wright BWRC/CITRIS 19 Appliance lights show price level & appliances powered-down