The Case for Earth System Science Roberta Johnson

The Case for Earth System Science Roberta Johnson Director, UCAR Education and Outreach

National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Boulder, Colorado • Founded ~50 years ago • Scientific research organization chartered by the US National Science Foundation to engage in state of the art atmospheric and related sciences research, in support of the university community and with a mission in research, education and service • National center for research on Earth’s climate and weather prediction “I have a very strong feeling that science exists to serve human welfare. It’s wonderful to have the opportunity given us by society to do basic research, but in return, we have a very important moral responsibility to apply that research to benefiting humanity. ” Walter Orr Roberts

A little about me… • • • Scientist in High Altitude Observatory and Director of Education and Outreach program Executive Director of the National Earth Science Teachers Association BS, MS, and Ph. D in Earth and Space Science with a specialization in Geophysics and Space Physics from UCLA Research in isotope geochemistry, solar terrestrial relations, and upper atmospheric physics Added education and outreach activities to my efforts beginning in 1993 With staff of ~25 education specialists, work to develop and offer educational resources and programs at NCAR/UCAR – Science literacy/public programs – Professional development for educators – Educational resource development

“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. ” John Muir “My First Summer in the Sierra” 1911

What is “Geoscience”? • The study of: – – The solid Earth The atmosphere The ocean Space and other planets • Interactions among parts of the Earth system

How do these “spheres” interact? • Through numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes… – Heat transfer, phase changes, thermal radiation, particle fluxes, diffusion, … – Transport, circulation, currents, … – Chemical reactions – Photosynthesis, respiration, … • which operate in interacting cycles to form the Earth system – Water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, rock cycle, … • Operates on many different temporal and spatial scales

What is Earth System Science? • The study of the processes and interactions (cycles) among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and geosphere from a global to local point-of-view, and across the time scales (minutes to eons) in which these spheres interact. It requires the use of physical and chemical laws with mathematics to describe the physical, chemical and biological processes within each sphere and the interactions between the spheres.

An example of a deeply coupled system • Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration leads to – Uptake of CO 2 by the ocean through gas exchange, leading to • Storage of atmospheric CO 2, but • Ocean acidification, harming marine organisms and associated food webs

In order to really understand Earth system science • You need a background in physical science, chemistry, and biology • You need to understand the structure of the components of the Earth system • Therefore, Earth system science is the perfect capstone course at the high school level

An opportunity for leadership! • Boulder/Denver has the largest population of Ph. D geoscientists in the world • Geo-central in the US (NCAR, NREL, NOAA, USGS, GSA, LASP, CU, NSIDC, …) – we even have a science shopping mall! • Boulder is probably the best place in the country to develop and implement the country’s best Earth system science capstone course! • NSF/NASA/NOAA support for geoscience education efforts have led to development of many educational resources which BVSD could use in such a course.

UCAR Education and Outreach Programs Formal Education • K-12 Students – Mesa Lab Classroom Tours • Climate and Global Change Workshop Modeling in the Geosciences Workshop Curriculum Development Distance Learning GLOBE Undergraduate – – – • SOARS Unidata COMET Undergraduate Leadership Workshop Internships Digital Libraries – DLESE, NSDL Events – Super Science Saturday, Public Lectures, Conferences • Tours ~ 15, 000 people/yr – Customized Visits, Guided and Selfguided (Audio Tour) • Exhibits ~ 90, 000 visits/yr – Mesa Lab Lobby, Teacher’s Guide • Web-Based Resources – – – Graduate/Postgraduate Study – ASP, VSP, Graduate Fellowships, COMET, SOARS, Early Career Faculty • • K-12 Teachers – – – • Informal Science Education • Windows to the Universe Web Weather for Kids NCAR EO web site Divisional EO web sites Roberts’ Forum Skymath, LEARN Outreach Resources – Scientist Outreach, Science Now

K-12 Professional Development • NCAR Online Education Climate Discovery Courses – Introduction to Earth’s Climate – Earth System Science – A Climate Change Perspective – Understanding Climate Change Today • Network of teachers developing • Professional Development Workshops – At NSTA and other PD venues nationally and internationally, as well as in-house workshops at NCAR – Associated with UCAR EO programs – ~3000 teachers per year • • • GLOBE: Creating the next generation of environmental leaders and scientists by teaching children in 107 countries how to take environmental measurements, report them via the Internet, and address challenging environmental problems NSDL – Webinars National Earth Science Teachers Association

Educational Technology Solutions Building digital libraries with significant potential for broad education reform Unidata - providing data, tools, and community leadership for enhanced Earth-system education and research

Windows to the Universe • • Over 9000 interlinked web pages at three levels in English and Spanish ~20 million visits per year (~62 million page views) Free monthly newsletter reaches ~11, 100 educators from 157 countries around the world (bilingual) Over 100 classroom activities for teachers, including 48 on weather and climate ~20 K sessions* per week to Teacher Resources section 143, 542 page views to pages with “climate” in title over the past month, 2, 155, 544 for “earth” Leaders in Earth and space science professional development for teachers • Reach ~2500 teachers/yr through pd workshops at national and international venues * User session = period of continuous use from unique ip with no gap in activity longer than 2 hrs