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What must yo u do to Reduce it? rint? Footp arbon at is C Wh Paul Condran Equipment Maintenance/Fleet Manager City of Culver City

“Innovation Doesn’t Really Matter, Unless it Does Something That Does Matter” 2

To Carb or Not? Carbon footprint is a term used to describe What is C how man's individual activities contribute to arbo n Footpri the accumulation carbon footprint is ~ of greenhouse gases nt? (carbon monoxide, methane-oxides, nitrous oxides) into the atmosphere. Greenhouse 1. A measure of the impact our activities have on the environment 2. It correlates directly to and in particular to climate change gases block the transmission of reflected 3. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our dayheat and this triggers global warming and to-day living induces erratic climatic patterns 4. Primarily through the burning of fossil fuels and electricity 5. Carbon footprint is a measurement of all greenhouse gases we produce and is measured in units of tons (or kg) of carbon dioxide equivalents

To Carb or Not? 1. When calculating GHG for fleets (i. e. emissions related to fuel), CO 2 carries the largest percentage of these gases, which is likely why GHG emissions are also equated to the term “carbon footprint. ” 2. References to “carbon footprint” essentially mean the amount and manner of all GHGs that are generated by an individual, a business, a government entity, a location, a process, etc. = “The Total Footprint” 3. The emissions of carbon are directly proportional to energy consumption. When a value for GHG is used, it means the total of all of these gases for any given operation calculated together 4. GHG also includes ozone, but is not actually generated through energy use as the others are; instead, ozone is a by-product of the other noted gases chemically interacting with sunlight in the atmosphere, so it isn’t “calculated” as a GHG when looking at direct emissions from energy consumption, at least not in our industry.

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A Carbenism…. So, what is Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, Exactly? Not, Particulate Matter (PM) – Surprised? Not, Nitrogen Oxides - Nox - Now, you’re surprised! These are “hard” pollutants – you can see them, smell them, and feel them in the air, especially when certain atmospheric conditions are present

Wait, We’re Not Carb’en Yet!! GHG (greenhouse gases) is the collective term used for the following elements: • CO 2 (carbon dioxide) • N 2 O (nitrous oxide) • CH 4 (complex, multi-mixed methane) • HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) • CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

Now, we’re Carb’en!! Therefore, GHG is -

Almost Carb’en…. Interesting Facts!! CO 2 emissions from a gallon of gasoline = 19. 4 pounds/gallon CO 2 emissions from a gallon of diesel = 22. 2 pounds/gallon CO 2 emissions from a gallon of natural gas (GGE) =. 0061 pounds/GGE CO 2 emissions from electricity emit 1. 297 lbs per k. Wh CO 2 emissions from a gallon of propane (LPG) = 2. 61 lbs

Get’en to Carb’en What Gets Measured Gets Managed

What Do You Do To De-Carb? 1. Select a fuel source with the greatest advantage 2. Cost effective for your operation 3. Technology is available 4. Grant money available to help you 5. Create synergies 6. Develop partners to assist you (The OEM’s) 7. Know and calculate your emissions data beforehand to realize the greatest cost benefit

Let’s Reduce Your Carbon Habit So, what can you do? What are the next steps? How can you make a difference?

To Carb or Not? Year CO 2 in m. t. 2001 501, 358 2, 896 2, 896 2, 896 2002 2, 672 2003 2, 447 2004 2, 223 2005 1, 998 2006 1, 774 2007 1, 549 2008 1, 325 2009 1, 100 2010 Diesel Gallons Consumed 80, 265 776 776 224 449 673 898 1, 122 1, 347 1, 571 1, 796 2, 020 Baseline 10, 100 Total CO 2 reduction over 9 years 1 st yr 2 nd yr 3 rd yr 4 th yr 5 th yr 6 th yr 7 th yr 8 th yr 9 th yr

We’re Gett’en to Carb’en… Emission Calculation Worksheet Emission Factor: NOX X PM 10 Old Engine Application On-road Dump Truck New Engine FD-1060 Diesel Cummins C 8. 3 L ROG Old Engine New Engine Application g/bhp-hr miles/yr conversion factor 4 g/ton tons/yr/vehicle 00. 0% tons/yr/vehicle 0. 00000 # vehicles in project engine life - yrs 00. 0% total tons project life miles/yr 4000 00. 0% total tons project life 4 conversion factor 4 907, 200 g/ton conversion factor 907, 200 g/ton 0. 18871 tons/yr/vehicle 0. 02116 tons/yr/vehicle # vehicles in project 3 3 # vehicles in project engine life - yrs 12 6. 79 total tons project life 0. 76 total tons project life Emission Reduction: miles/yr 4000 g/ton 907, 200 g/bhp-hr 1. 2 907, 200 g/bhp-hr 10. 7 Application On-road Dump Truck tons for total project life Emission Reduction: 0. 000 6. 032 tons for total project life

Calif. Air Resources Board CARB Executive Order Example

Try to Carb This! Diesel Emissions (yes even clean diesel) Diesel carbon content per gallon: . 0107 mt = Winner!! http: //www. epa. gov/oms/climate/420 f 05001. htm Natural Gas carbon content per gallon is. 00007 mt. G Propane car per-gallon is bon content . 0061 mt of asoline carb on content p er gallon: . 0093 mt Secon d Place!!

The Carbon Footprint

Maximum Carb’en

The Carb’enism Through legislation, some countries are going to impose an additional car tax, as early as 2012, through the annual registration based on the engine's CO 2 emissions. The higher, the more you pay, the lower the less you pay. Ireland Spain England Egypt Australia Greece Sweden Brussels $ $

To Carb or not to Carb?

The Carbon Footprint

The Carb’enism Myths #1 Carbon Dioxide = Bad n Mon Carbo ot Ca de is N oxi ioxide bon D r Myth #2

Back to the Carb (or not)

The Carbon-Free Nation? What is the Carbon Footprint Standard? • Unified and independent • Recognizes all stages of carbon management - from assessment, to carbon reductions and carbon neutrality • Applicable to organizations / businesses • Applicable to products / services • Aligned with international best practice / standards such as ISO 14064, Publicly Available Specification 2050 (PAS 2050) and Publicly Available Specification 2060 (PAS 2060)

The Carbon-Free Nation? Why do you need the Carbon Footprint Standard • Demonstrate your environmental credentials • Enhance your company reputation • Meet increasing supply-chain materials needs • Achieve positive PR and create marketing opportunities • Motivate your employees • Engage with your customers and stakeholders • Calculate your carbon offsets and document your validations

Carbon; “Check Out” CNG - Compressed Natural Gas • Clean, abundant & 100% domestic • Can be renewable • Vehicles and engines available, safe • Fueling available, not uncommon and the infrastructure is already in-place • Public stations are everywhere

Carbon; “Check Out” Liquid Propane Gas • Fossil fuel, cleaner/cheaper than gas/diesel • Domestic & Abundant • Stations are everywhere • Vehicles and engines available • Good inexpensive technology • Not as clean as natural gas LPG

Carbon; “Check Out” Hybrids & Plug-in Hybrids • Two or more power sources for propulsion • HEV = Hybrid Electric Vehicle • PHEV = Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle • Series, Parallel, Hydraulic, HFCV • Almost any fuel can be used for the engine • All electric mode • Increase MPG • Increase range

Carbon; “Check Out” EV • Electric cars are here • BEV – battery electric vehicle • NEV – neighborhood electric vehicle • MSEV – medium speed electric vehicle • Batteries

Carbon; “Check Out” Hydrogen • • • H H 2 = battery Made from any feedstock FCEV = Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Several manufacturer projects Future? Expensive

Let’s Reduce Your Carbon Habit Wha t Yo • Very important to be a collaborative thinker u Ca n Do • Openly listen to the ideas of others & be flexible • Become brilliant (but it’s perfectly fine to make mistakes) • Once you commit to an alternative fuel, do it at 100% and become the best at using, developing & applying the technologies • We don’t recommend taking a cafeteria approach to alternative fuels; it’s very hard to effectively manage and too costly • Some alternative fuels will force you into a “hostage situation” (for the delivery/availability of the fuel) - This must be avoided • Meet with and listen to the advice of the experts & suppliers • Develop vehicle specifications around the technology. Don’t fit the technology to existing equipment

Carbon Reduction Opportunities Recycling Products • Used Oil & Fuel Filters – Use of lifetime oil filters • Batteries (All types) • Replace Light Bulbs/Fixtures to low emitting (including fluorescents) • Anti-Freeze • Tires (Incorporate a major recap/re-groove program) • Various kinds of paper • Scrap Metal • Aluminum cans & plastic bottles (Use for an “employee fund”) Shop Supplies • Recycled Products & Best Business Practices • Go Digital – Paperless processes. Store and read files from your PC with no need to print them

Let’s Reduce Your Carbon Habit • Become LEED Certified (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) • Close loop operation - Facilities • Zero Waste Operation • Lighting, HVAC and facility maintenance control systems • Solar electricity in your facilities • Use of on-property wind technology to create/harness electricity • Require deliveries and products purchased within city limits

Culver City’s Carbon Cutting Craze • We dispense close to one million gallons of natural gas each year (GGE’s) • We have reduced and/or eliminated 63, 000 lbs of PM • We have reduced and/or eliminated 91, 000 lbs of Nox • We have reduced our CO 2 footprint by 2, 120 mt. • We have lowered our carbon footprint by over 2, 000 mt. • Own and operate a three compressor CNG station • 85% of our heavy & medium fleet use CNG, 25% of L/D fleet use CNG • Fleet utilization policy incorporates an alternative fuel replacement approach and speaks to CO 2 reduction • Mandatory recycling (all products), lighting controls and “Green” purchasing policies

Back to Carb’en Helpful Websites to Calculate your Carbon Emission Reductions www. epa. gov/oms/climate/420 f 05001. htm business. edf. org/projects/fleet-vehicles/fleetgreenhouse-gas-emissions-calculator www. caleemod. com www. carbonfund. org

You Can De-Carbon Your Operation YES!!

The Carbon Footprint The Thank Y ou!!!! Paul Condran Equipment Maintenance/Fleet Manager City of Culver City 310. 253. 6525 paul. condran@culvercity. org