The Bologna Accord-The Europeans are Coming Are You

The Bologna Accord-The Europeans are Coming! Are You Ready? Diana B. Carlin University of Kansas Chair, NAFSA Task Force on the Bologna Process & Former KU Dean of the Graduate School and International Programs

What Is the Bologna Process? n Part of a larger European Agenda for competitiveness and mobility n n European Economic Community European Community Common currency € Schengen Agreement open borders Social programs European Community

What is the Bologna Process? n It is Based on an Underlying Philosophy n n A way to create transparency across Europe A method to respect and recognize diversity in Europe while promoting quality assurance A means to increase educational and employment mobility across Europe A means to make Europe an attractive destination for higher education and work

Bologna Process Objectives n n Adopt a system of easily readable and comparable degrees Adopt a system with two main cycles n n Changed to three Establish a system of credits Promote mobility by overcoming obstacles Promote European cooperation in quality assurance

Map of the 46 Bologna Process Countries

Why Does It Matter to the US? n n n >49, 000 EHEA graduate students in the US 34, 000 undergraduates Immigrant populations transferring to U. S. institutions Is promoting Europe as an education destination Other parts of the world are looking at Bologna n n n China Australia Latin America SE Asia Impacts: n n Study Abroad Undergraduate admissions Graduate admissions Research

National (US) Trends Toward Internationalization n Increase in joint/dual degrees (CGS-NSF grant project—next slide) Exchange programs for research and degree collaboration n Atlantis-FIPSE n PIRE (Partnerships for International Research and Education n GK-12 has international component n ISE (International Science and Education) USDA n Norwegian-North American Grants International conferences convened by US associations n CGS symposia (2006, 2007, 2008) n NAFSA Task Force

In 2007, about 29% of U. S. Graduate Schools Had Established Collaborative Degree Programs With International Universities Table 1. Percentage of American Graduate Schools That Have Established Collaborative Graduate Degree Programs With One or More International Universities, by Size of International Graduate Student Enrollment* Largest 10 Largest 25 Largest 50 All Others All Institutio ns Dual/Double Degree 44% 33% 32% 5% 11% Joint Degree Program 0% 5% 3% 8% 7% All Other Types of Degree Programs 11% 10% 21% 9% 11% Total With One or More Collaborative Programs 56% 48% 56% 22% 29% Source: Council of Graduate Schools, 2007 International Graduate Admissions Survey II: Final Applications and Initial Offers of Admissions. August 2007. *Enrollment size based on the number of international graduate students Enrolled at U. S. graduate schools in the fall of 2004. Due to rounding, details may not equal totals.

Joint-Dual Degree Partner Countries n n n Table 5. Countries With Which U. S. Graduate Institutions Have Established Collaborative Graduate International Degree Programs Master's Doctoral Europe (including the U. K. ) 39% 18% China (People's Republic) 24% 4% India 14% 0% Korea 8% 0% Middle East* 6% 0% Other 33% 10% Source: 2007 CGS International Graduate Admissions Survey II: Final Applications and Initial Offers of Admission, August 2007. Note: Percentages are based on respondents who indicated that they had established one or more graduate dual, joint, double, or other degree programs with an international (non-U. S. ) college or university. * Middle East: Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.

Joint-Dual Degree Fields of Study n n n Table 6. Fields of Study in Which American Graduate Programs Offer Collaborative Master's and Doctoral Degree Programs With International Higher Education Institutions Master's Doctoral Business 44% 0% Engineering 35% 13% Social Sciences 17% 2% Education 10% 2% Life Sciences 10% 2% Physical Sciences 10% 13% Humanities & Arts 8% 6% Other 4% 10% Source: 2007 CGS International Graduate Admissions Survey II: Final Applications and Initial Offers of Admission, August 2007. Note: Percentages are based on respondents who indicated that their institutions had established at least one dual, double, joint, or other collaborative degree program with an international (non-U. S. ) college or university.

3 -Year Degree Facts & Figures n n IIE study—only 20% of U. S. faculty have knowledge of Bologna IIE study of “high research” institutions in 2008 n n n 53% 25% 43% 13% 32% 67% n n have policy on 3 -year degrees treat as equivalent varies by dept. not equivalent other leave to department 41% 10% 11% 39% of applicants were granted full admission conditional admission not admitted other

More 3 -Year Degree F & F n CGS Survey of Graduate Deans 2006 (includes 80% of top 25 international admitting institutions) n n 18% do not accept 3 -year 4% provide provisional admission 49% consider equivalent to US 4 -year 29% Determine competence to succeed

Frequently Asked Questions n Are all Bologna undergraduate degrees 3 years? n n Are all Bologna degrees equal? n n No Do all countries require a master’s as a prerequisite to the doctorate? n n No No To what extent is the U. S. accepting Bologna degrees or credits?

Some Questions to Consider n n n Will the U. S. become less attractive as an international destination when it is one of the few without Bologna structures? Are there more opportunities than challenges for USEuropean collaborations? Are faculty prepared to evaluate Bologna degrees? Can we get past the 3 -year degree issue in graduate admissions? What can we learn from changes in higher education worldwide to improve U. S. graduate education? Where are new opportunities with globalization?

Resources--General n Council of Graduate Schools, Global Perspectives on Graduate Education: Proceedings of the Strategic Leaders Global Summit on Graduate Education, n n n Washington, DC: Council of Graduate Schools, 2008. http: //cgsnet. org/portals/0/pdf/comm_2007_11. pdf http: //globalhighered. wordpress. com/ http: //nafsa. org

Resources—The Bologna Process n n n n n www. nafsa. org/bolognasupplement www. nafsa. org/bolognapresentation www. eqar. eu (quality assurance) www. ond. vlaanderen. be/hogeronderwijs/bologna (status of implementation) http: //www. eua. be/fileadmin/user_upload/files/Publications/Final_Tren ds_Report__May_10. pdf http: //cgsnet. org/portals/0/pdf/comm_2007_11. pdf http: //www. aplu. org/Net. Community/Document. Doc? id=1788 http: //www. aplu. org/Net. Community/Document. Doc? id=1818