The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing

The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing 2013 Norm Leppla University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology

I. Introduction Norm’s Career in Insect Rearing • University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 years • USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and Texas, 17 years • USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC and international, 7 years • University of Florida- Integrated pest management and Biological Control, 16 years • Chemical ecology and quality of Spalangia cameroni (Erika Machtinger) • Rearing and quality of Tamarixia radiata (Chris Kerr)

Countries of Workshop Students

Quality Control Topics I. III. IV. V. VI. Introduction- Learning how to rear quality insects Colony Establishment and Maintenance Monitoring Quality Evaluation and Management Guidelines for Quality Systems Total Quality Management

Learning How to Rear High Quality Insects • Apprentice in an insectary • Network with other professionals • Literature plus trial-and-error • Visit other insectaries • Reviews by experts • Education and Training programs

MSU Insect Rearing Workshop Frank Davis John Schneider

Online Rearing Courses- 2013 • An Introduction to Insect Rearing • Physical Aspects of Insect Rearing • Biological Aspects of Insect Rearing • Following Insectary SOPs: How and Why? http: //insectdiets. com/ 2004

Insectary Manager Network Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insects 65 Members http: //www. entsoc. org/

Insect Rearing Professionals Google Group Subscribe: (leonwesterd@gmail. com) Léon Westerd Group moderator Head of insect rearing Wageningen UR, Netherlands

VI. Total Quality Management

Parts of an Insect Rearing System

Generic Guidelines for Quality Systems • Policy, Planning and Administration • Design Assurance and Change Control • Control of Purchased Materials • Production Quality Control • User Contact and Field Performance • Corrective Action • Employees- Select, Train and Motivate

A Complete QA System

Quality Assurance Actions Production and Process Control Frequency of Actions Routinely Periodically Possibly Have up-to-date standard operating procedures X Use check sheets to monitor rearing processes X Record daily production data X Track changes in production X Review production with staff X Improve product quality based on staff feedback X Conduct product quality control assessments X Have established minimum thresholds of quality X Use standard shipping and handling procedures X Customer Service Add customer feedback forms to shipments X Add product use instructions to shipments X Have an established customer service program X Improve product quality based on customer feedback X Product Control

Quality Assurance Actions Research Frequency of Actions Routinely Periodically Possibly Maintain internal methods improvement X Conduct publishable research X Communicate research needs to outside researchers X Collaborate with researchers without funding projects X Contract for research and provide funding X Provide materials for training activities X Provide products for training activities X Participate in training activities X Describe quality assurance program X Outreach

II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects

II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

White witch, Thysania agrippina (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems Painted Lady Monarch Small-Scale Rearing: Butterflies

Annie Lorie “Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time” Punky Rogers Medium-Scale Rearing

Mass Rearing- Medfly El Pino, Guatemala Capacity- 3. 5 billion sterile male pupae per week Metapa, Mexico

Honolulu, Hawaii Nori Tanaka

II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects Peter Ebling Insect Producer Database Mgr. Great Lakes Forestry Centre 1219 Queen St. East Sault Ste. Marie, ON P 6 A 2 E 5 peter. ebling@nrcan. gc. ca (705) 541 -5517

• World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 nematode orders • Data submitted by sources • Searchable database • Expand clients • Adopt-a-colony http: //www. insect. glfc. cfs. nrcan. gc. ca

Field Collecting Cabbage Loopers

Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing Capability

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects

Maintaining the Quality of Colonized I sects n • Collection of appropriate biotypes • Colonization and strain development • Rearing proficiency • Colony management • Optimization • Strain replacement

III. Monitoring Quality III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality III. C. Production, Process and Product Control

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests • Quantity- Number of Pupae or Adults • Size- Weight of Pupae • Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch • Rate of Development-Synchronization • Adult Behavior-Flight, Longevity • Field Performance- Achieve Purpose

Specifications- Requirements for a product or service Standards- The level of quality at which a specification is written

III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Count = Measurement = N Mean = Sum/Number of Counts = X Variance = Sum of (N – X)2 / n-1 = 2 Standard Deviation = Square Root of 2= SD

Number of Cabbage Looper Pupae Per Rearing Container 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 175 157. 6 17. 4 302. 76 190 191 180 142 2 167 157. 6 9. 4 88. 36 191 190 180 176 3 144 157. 6 -13. 6 184. 96 191 190 192 189 156 4 166 157. 6 8. 4 70. 56 191 192 190 176 138 5 136 157. 6 -21. 6 466. 56 190 191 190 174 181 Average 157. 6 190. 8 0. 5 0. 8 Sum of Squares Variance 1, 113. 2 Standard Deviation 16. 7 190. 6 179. 8 158. 6 Shelf 1 is lowest 278. 3 0. 9 5. 8 19. 4

Quality Control Charts

III. C. Production, Process and Product Control

IV. Evaluation and Management IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review

IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures

IV. B. Quality Control Versus Methods Improvement Quality Control • Monitor indicator variables • Evaluate multiple variables • Troubleshoot using QC data • Conduct evaluations rapidly • Goal is to restore stable production Methods Improvement • Conduct evaluations methodically • Test one variable at a time • Use controlled experiments • Test results in the production system • Goal is to optimize production

Type of Research Feasibility/market analysis Mass production Utilization Application environment Research Priorities Natural enemy effectiveness in controlling target pests Product development Quality assurance systems Rearing facilities Mechanized equipment Rearing materials Natural and artificial diets Rearing and harvesting techniques Production quality control Process quality control Product handling and storage Automated counting technology Improved packaging and shipping Extended use period Efficient scouting techniques Optimal release numbers, rates and timing Mechanized application technologies Efficient product evaluation procedures Utilization quality control Site-specific pest prevention Systems to maximize the effectiveness of natural enemies Natural enemy use with pesticides Systems with multiple products and pests Effectiveness in seasonal and perennial crops

Olivefly Methods Improvement Bactrocera oleae FAO/IAEA Entomology Unit Seibersdorf, Austria - 2009

Eggs hatched Eggs/Cage Eggs laid Sex ratio male: female

Eggs Hatched Total eggs laid Eggs laid Number of females

Eggs hatched Total eggs laid Eggs laid Number of males

Olivefly Methods Improvement

IV. C. Periodic Review

V. Guidelines for Quality Systems IOBC

Global Quality Control Programs • Individual Companies Customers • International Standards ISO 9000 IOBC Guidelines • The Marketplace Quality Products

International Organization for Biological Control Mission: to facilitate and advance cost-effective rearing of high quality insects and other arthropods in support of biological control and integrated pest management http: //www. amrqc. org

Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) 1982 1984 1986 1988 1991 1992 1993 1995 1998 2003 Gainesville, Florida Wadenswil, Switzerland Guatemala City, Guatemala Vancouver, Canada Wageningen, Netherlands Horsholm, Denmark Rimini, Italy Santa Barbara, California Cali, Colombia Montpellier, France 2007 2010 Montreal, Canada Vienna, Austria 2013 Bangalore, India 2017 Merida, Mexico E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers C. 0. Calkins F. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren F. Bigler M. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla R. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley P. De Clercq, S. Grenier, and N. C. Leppla S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister T. A. Coudron, P. De Clercq, and A. G. Parker P. De Clercq, T. A. Coudron, T. M. Manjunath, and C. Ballal J. S. Bernal, T. A. Coudron, and P. De Clercq

Insect Pest Control (IPC) http: //www-naweb. iaea. org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-model-plansterile-insect-technique. html

Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control References • Leppla, N. C. 2013. Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Parasitoids and Predators. In Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms. Elsevier. • Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. • Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer. • Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Procedures. CABI. • Leppla, N. C. 2002, 2009. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press.

For more information or a copy of this presentation please visit: http: //ipm. ifas. ufl. edu