The Babylonia ns End of Sumer

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The Babylonia ns

End of Sumer • After death of Sargon I (2334 – 2279 B. C. ) – empire crumbled • Mesopotamia – individual city-states • Ur – gained power once again • By 2000 B. C. – Ur was in ruins What happened? Foreign attacks -

Babylonian Empire • Divided into 3 eras • Old Babylonia Period: 20001595 B. C. • Middle Babylonian Period: 1595– 1000 B. C. • Neo-Babylonian Period: 1000539 B. C.

Amorites • Nomadic peoples who migrated about 2034 Why? Maybe large scale drought • Conquered Mesopotamia • 2150 – conquered Canaan • Amorite Period: 2034 – 1600 B. C.

The Rise of Babylon • Amorite built cities throughout Mesopotamia • Babylon – once Sumerian town • Euphrates River • Present day – Baghdad,

Babylon • Became most important city during the reign of Hammurabi • Traded SURPLUS – more than is needed; extra – for money or goods • Traded as far away as China

Hammurabi • 1792 B. C. • Amorite king • Conquered Akkad and Sumer (Mesopotamia) • Established Babylonian empire • Babylon - Capital

Hammurabi • People of Babylon borrowed ideas from others • Culture – way of life • Cultural Diffusion • Worshipped Sumerian

Hammurabi • Reigned for 42 years • Reign – Period of power • Golden Age of

Hammurabi’s Accomplishments • Reform – improvement • Building Projects

Irrigation Projects • Improved by rebuilding and repairing canals

Tax System • Improved collection system • Taxes needed to fund building projects and programs for the poor

Changed the Religion • Raised god of Babylon above other gods • Worshipped own gods and god of Babylon (Marduk) • Used religion to enforce laws

Trade • Increased trade • Brought prosperity • No wealth – No power

Government Projects • Housing Program

Code of Laws • Each city-state had its own code of laws • Hammurabi took the best laws from

Code of Laws • Dealt with almost every part of daily life -trade -loans -theft -marriage -injury -murder

Code of Laws • Concerned with being fair and just • Social class was important: -injuring a rich man greater penalty

Code of Laws • Royal judges appointed – punished if not honest • Witnesses – punished if not truthful • Upper Class – punished more severely • Innocent until proven

Code of Laws Why is this important? • Thorough • Written down for all to see

Code of Laws 6. If a man has stolen goods from a temple, or house, he shall be put to death; and he that has received the stolen property from him shall be put to death.

Code of Laws 8. If a patrician has stolen ox, sheep, ass, pig, or ship, whether from a temple, or a house, he shall pay thirtyfold. If he be a plebeian, he shall return tenfold. If the thief cannot

Code of Laws 14. If a man has stolen a child, he shall be put to death.

Code of Laws 22. If a man has committed highway robbery and has been caught, that man shall be put to

Code of Laws • 109. If conspirators meet in the house of a tavernkeeper, and these conspirators are not captured and delivered to the court, the tavernkeeper shall be put to

Code of Laws 110. If a "sister of a god" open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death

Code of Laws 192. If the son of a palace favorite or the son of a vowed woman has said to the father that brought him up, "You are not my father, " or to the mother that brought him up, "You are not my mother, " his

Code of Laws 195. If a son has struck his father, his hands shall be cut off.

Code of Laws 196. If a man has knocked out the eye of a patrician, his eye shall be knocked out.

Code of Laws 199. If he has knocked out the eye of a patrician's servant, or broken the limb of a patrician's servant, he shall pay half his value.

Code of Laws 229. If a builder has built a house for a man, and has not made his work sound, and the house he built has fallen, and caused the death of its owner, that builder shall be put to death.

Code of Laws 230. If it is the owner's son that is killed, the builder's son shall be put to death.

Code of Laws 231. If it is the slave of the owner that is killed, the builder shall give slave for slave to the owner of the house.

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