The Ancient Israelites Chapter 2 Lesson 4

The Ancient Israelites Chapter 2 Lesson 4

Introduction Ancient Israelites • Small kingdoms appeared in southwest Asia • Ancestors of the Jewish people • We learned about them from Old Testament of the Bible

Abram to Abraham • Originally Abram • Changed his name as a promise to God • Worshipped one God – monotheism • God “spoke” to him • Covenant – Special Agreement with God • God told him to go to Canaan • Sons: Isaac –Jewish Ishmael - Arab

Moses and the Ten Commandments • Abraham Isaac Jacob (Israel) 12 sons • Jacob’s 12 sons and their ancestors became known as Israelites • Famine – Went to Egypt for food and work • Later enslaved by Egyptian Rulers • Moses led a revolt against Egyptians • Exodus – journey back to Canaan

The Ten Commandments • Given to Moses from God • A set of laws for responsible behavior • Sabbath – a day of rest after a week of work • Important part of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • First five books of the Hebrew Bible (Torah)

Israel and Judah • Saul – First King 1020 BC • King David – built up Jerusalem (died in 961 BC) • King Solomon (David’s son) – Split into northern (Israel) and southern kingdom (Judah) – King Solomon was known for his great wisdom

Israel and Judah • Judah–Conquered by Babylonians 586 BC • Judeans were enslaved and exiled to Babylonia. • When Babylon was conquered by Persians Judeans were set free. • They returned to Jerusalem • They rebuilt Jerusalem however their kin in northern Israel were no where to be found. • Israel was conquered by Assyrians 721 BC

Judah • Romans came and conquered Judah • Judah became Judaea • AD 70 – Romans destroyed the Temple • AD 130 – Judeans kicked out of Jerusalem • Jerusalem became Roman Province of Palestine

Movement Through the World • After Babylonian exile, Jews settled throughout the world – Diaspora • Diaspora - spreading of seeds • Realized they did not need the Temple in Jerusalem to worship God • Synagogues – a Jewish house of worship found all over the world