The American Football Helmet and Concussions John Krauss
Overview Football accounts for the most sports-related concussions in the United States. The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) Ruling Change in 1975 prohibiting players from leading with their heads.
Forces At Work F = m. Strikinga. Striking+FN F = m. Strucka. Struck SI = ∫a(t)2. 5 dt * The resulting SI score has to be below 1200 in order for a helmet to pass the safety test.
Concussions * One of the dangers associated with concussions is that after receiving one, a player is more susceptible to further trauma for up to 14 days. * Tendency of concussions to show no pathological changes on standard MRI and CT scans. * After the initial trauma, there is a marked decrease in blood to the affected area of the brain. * Two areas of the brain that show * Multiple traumatic brain injuries can lead to susceptibility to trauma are the frontal and severe long term health effects and can temporal lobes. become fatal
Sources • CONCUSSION IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL: RECONSTRUCTION OF GAME IMPACTS AND INJURIES: Elliot J. Pellman, M. D. David C. Viano, Dr. med. , Ph. D. Andrew M. Tucker, M. D. Ira R. Casson, M. D. Joe F. Waeckerle, M. D. Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304 -2952. 2003 • ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTION OF HEAD INJURY IN FOOTBALL Michael L. Levy, M. D. , Burak M Ozgur, M. D, Cherisse Berry, B. S, Henry E. Aryan, M. D, Michael L. J. Apuzzo, M. D, February 23, 2004. Neurosurgery 55: 649 -655, 2004 • Birth and Evolution of the Football helmet: Michael L. Levy, M. D. , Burak M Ozgur, M. D, Cherisse Berry, B. S, Henry E. Aryan, M. D, Michael L. J. Apuzzo, M. D, February 23, 2004. VOLUME 55 | NUMBER 3 | SEPTEMBER 2004 www. neurosurgeryonline. com • Concussion In Professional Football: Biomechanics of Struck Player, David Viano, M. D, Ph. D, Ira Casson, M. D. , Elliot Pellman, M. D. VOLUME 61 | NUMBER 2 | AUGUST 2007 www. neurosurgeryonline. com
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