th 8 Grade Social Studies Study Guide

th 8 Grade Social Studies Study Guide

Colonization Unit 1

Reasons for English Colonization • Glory/Social • Gold/Economics • God/Religious-

First Two Colonies 1620 -Plymounth, Massachusetts (RELIGIOUS/POLITICAL) 1607 -Jamestown, Virginia (GOLD) First Successful Colony • • Joint Stock Company Settled near James River on Chesapeake Bay Swampy land with mosquitoes Starving Time-John Smith-Work John Rolfe – Tobacco Labor was indentured servants who later became free and needed workers so SLAVERY became important. Pilgrims-not happy with politics in Church of England Bible based 1630 - Massachusetts Bay, Massachusetts (RELIGIOUS) • Puritans-no persecution • Virtuous Society

FOUNDING OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES COLONY Reasons Founded Settled By: Religion (Year First Settled) New Hampshire Religious and economic Freedom Puritans Congregationalist Connecticut Religious and political Freedom Puritans Congregationalist Maryland Religious Freedom; to sell land English, French Roman Catholic, Others Rhode Island Religious Freedom English Congregationalist New Jersey Religious Freedom; Profit from selling land Swedish, Dutch Lutheran, Dutch Reformed Delaware Expand Trade Swedish, Dutch Lutheran, Dutch Reformed North Carolina Religious Freedom; Profit from trade and selling land. English Anglican New York Expand Trade Dutch Reformed S. Carolina Religious Freedom; Profit from trade and selling land. English, French Anglican, French Protestant Pennsylvania Religious Freedom; Escape conflict in Europe English, German Quaker, Lutheran Georgia Home for England’s poor; protection against Spanish Florida English, German Anglican, Moravian

Three Regions Northern/New England (Gold) Middle (Religious/Political) Southern (Gold/Social) [3 or more Syllables] [People Never Need Donuts] [Girls Names] q Massachusetts q Pennsylvania q Georgia q New Hampshire q New Jersey q Virginia q Connecticut q New York q North and South Carolina q Rhode Island q Delaware q Maryland

Characteristics of the American Colonies Geography Climate Resources Economy Religion Trade/Export Northern Mountains thick with trees, rivers and poor rocky soil. Difficult to farm and unsuitable for crops. Coldest of the three regions mild and short summers leading to long, cold winters. Fish, whales, Forest, corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were raised Fish, whale, ships, furs, maple syrup, copper, whale timber and livestock products. No Religious Freedom as the Puritans did not tolerate any other religion. Middle Fertile soil and land that was suited to farming Mild climate with warm summers and mild winters Good farmland, timber, furs and coal. Iron ore. Corn, wheat, livestock including beef and pork. Iron ore, lumber, textiles, furs and shipbuilding. Religious Freedom for Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and others. Southern Fertile soil, hilly coastal plains, forests, long rivers and swamp areas. Warmest of the three Fish, forest regions. Hot and humid (timber) and good summers gave rise to agricultural land. spread disease. Crops throughout the year and was ideal for plantations. Tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo (dye), lumber, furs, farm products. Religious Freedom for Baptists, Anglicans and others.

Northern Colonies Ned Eats French Fries and Shrimp on Really Cold Winters New England Fishing Forestry Shipping Shipbuilding Religious Rocky Cold Winter

Middle Colonies Agriculture and Trading Maria Makes Music Well So Dance Middle Mining Manufacturing Wheat Seaports Diversity

Southern Colonies Sam Sits Coloring Pictures Furiously South Slaves Cash Crops Plantations Fertile Soils/Farming (grown to make money: cotton and tobacco (large farms that grows one kind of cash crop)

Colonial Government Limited Government (Magna Carta) English Bill of Rights Mayflower Compact Representative Government (Magna Carta) English Bill of Rights Self - Government (Magna Carta) English Bill of Rights Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Triangular Trade • Colonies send (export) raw material to Britain buy (import) manufactured. Navigation Acts: Colonies trade with British partners only. One route: Slave trade. Middle Passage- worst part IN!!! BRITA OR NEY F MO

Mercantilism Mo $=Mo Power • Economic system where colony can only trade with Mother Country (England). Hurt the colony’s economy. • Colonies provide, opportunity for getting more wealth, trading partners, and power.

Enlightenment This movement, which began in Europe, spread the idea that knowledge, reason and science could improve society. Enlightenment Philosophers • Montesquieu – MONTE: Separate, balanced, defined, limited. • Blackstone: Rights cannot be taken away • Locke: Social Contract, unalienable rights RIGHTS ARE LOCKED UP AND CANNOT BE TAKEN AWAY

Religious Groups First Great Awakening Emotion in Church Puritanism- No emotion • • Puritans will BOOT ya out of MASSACHUSETTS Virtue, ONLY 1 religion, No toleration, Elected members run community George Whitefield, Cotton Mather, Johnathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • Quakers are a little Quacky in Pennsylvania they have democracy and Peace. Believers in Equality =

CULTURE Literacy: to read the Bible Anne Bradstreet- Fist American poet/ women to be published. Phillis Wheatley- African American Christian poet Paintings: portraits of individuals, dark. John Peter Zenger Freedom of the Press Amendment 1 Zenger was a printer, the publisher of the New York Weekly Journal. He stood accused of printing comments that were critical of the British governor of New York, William Cosby. Zenger began publishing his newspaper in late 1733. The following year (November 17, 1734), he was arrested and thrown in jail. The charge was libel.