Terminology and documentation* Ø Object of the study of terminology: § analysis and description of the units representing specialized knowledge in specialized discourse Ø Object of the study of documentation: § organize the information found in documents and conveyed by means of terminological units (TU) * GROUP IULATERM Barcelona : IULA. Pompeu Fabra University
Terminology and documentation In theory and in practice, terminology and documentation are interrelated: ØTerminological work cannot be carried out without documentation ØAt least part of the documentary work cannot be carried out without terminology ØTerminology is therefore necessary for documentary work and documents are the basis for any terminological work.
Terminology Basic elements of terminological work: Ø all terminological projects are founded on practical professional needs Ø they are expected to answer these professional needs Ø they are expected to be adequate to the communicative situation which is defined on parameters such as professional activity, domain and specific topic, sociolinguistic context, language function or specific addressees
Documentation is necessary to terminology: Øit makes the description of terms possible, because terminological units are fundamental elements of the oral and written discourse produced by specialists; Øit helps develop a theory of “terms” in context
Documentation ØTerminological units § convey the concepts of a certain special field § interrelate and transfer knowledge under certain circumstances and for certain communication purposes ØCommunication takes place through oral and written discourse ØThis discourse conforms texts (documents) that are the object of documentation
Documentation ØTerms appear in specialized communication when specialists have to name a concept of their discipline ØTerminologists retrieve from the documents the units they will integrate in dictionaries to be consulted by specialists and other users Øspecialized texts are the natural habitat of these terms ØDocumentation is the source of terminographical work
Stages of documentation Ø preparation stage: necessary source of information to acquire the cognitive competence Øterminological work to begin with selection and analysis of the specialized documentation Øworks supplying this information: specialized works, lexicographic collections, encyclopedias or atlases.
Stages of documentation Ø stage 1: detection, delimitation and extraction of terms from documents Ø in this phase, documents (texts) are the only testimonial source which can vouch for the use of the terms in the special subject field and for their grammatical and semantic features ØDocuments allow to evaluate the frequency with which the term appears in its context of use.
Stages of documentation ØTaking documents as a parameter, units are selected and confronted, certain forms are rejected being too general, other forms may be rejected because they belong to different subject areas Øterms are analyzed and compilation of terminological records is carried out Øterminological records gather , for each term, a series of linguistic and pragmatic data
Terminology as representation of specialized knowledge ØSpecialized texts convey specialized content through technical terms ØEach terminological unit corresponds to a cognitive node in a special field Øthe whole of these nodes linked to one another by specific relations constitutes the conceptual representation of that special field ØTherefore, specialized reality can be represented through terminology
ENGLISH NEUROSURGERY Context: “Neurosurgery at the Massachusetts General is a major service utilizing almost 10% of the hospital's beds and encompassing the full range of contemporary neurosurgical practice. ” Context source: http: //neurosurgery. mgh. harvard. edu/ Definition: any surgery that involves the nervous system (brain or spinal cord or peripheral nerves) Definition source: Word. Net 2. 1 Part of Speech: noun Equivalent Italian: Neurochirurgia Notes
ITALIAN NEUROCHIRURGIA Context: “ La Sezione Autonoma di Neurochirurgia Infantile dispone di un Reparto di degenza, di un Ambulatorio e di una sala operatoria. ” Context source: http: //www. policlinicogemelli. it/rep/? o=r&id_reparto=607 Definition: settore della microchirurgia specializzato negli interventi sul sistema nervoso Definition source: http: //dizionari. corriere. it/dizionario_italiano/N/neurochirurgia. shtml Part of Speech: Nome Gender: f (la neurochirurgia) Equivalent English: Neurosurgery Notes
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