TEMPLATE BIOSYNTHESIS
Pyrimidine synthesis CO 2 + Glutamine + 2 ATP + H 2 O H 2 N CO OPO 3 H 2 + 2 ADP + H 3 PO 4. CP + Asp … orotydylic acid UMP + ATP UDP + ADP UDP + ATP UTP + ADP
Purine synthesis Inosine-5'-phosphate + Asp - fumarate + GTP - GDP, -Pi Adenosine-5'-phosphate Xantozin-5'-phosphate + Gln - Glu + ATP - AMP, -PP i Guanosine-5'-phosphate
d. GDF + ATP d. GTP + ADP
DNA biosynthesis (homologous replication)
3'-5'-phosphodiester bond formation
Replicative fork
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase active site
RNA synthesis on DNA template
1 - DNA; 2 - initiation region; 3 - RNA polymer 4 - growing RNA chain; 5 - areatermination. of Arrow: direction of RNA polymerase movement
Processing of m. RNA
Splicing
t. RNA
Processing of t. RNA
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Genetic code
t. RNA
Chaperone
Participation of chaperones in protein folding
Transport of protein across membrane
Regulation of protein synthesis by induction
Regulation of protein synthesis by repression
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Cleavage of DNA with restriction enzymes
Cleavage of DNA with restriction enzymes
Construction of recombinant DNA
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification
Introduction of DNA into the cell with plasmids
Transfection
Microinjection of DNA
Electroporation
Packing in liposomes
The method of biological ballistics
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Template biosynthesis.ppt