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Technology In Action 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Technology In Action 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1

Technology In Action Chapter 6 Evaluating Your System: Understanding and Assessing Hardware 3/16/2018© 2007 Technology In Action Chapter 6 Evaluating Your System: Understanding and Assessing Hardware 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2

Topics • To buy or upgrade? • Evaluating your system: – CPU – RAM Topics • To buy or upgrade? • Evaluating your system: – CPU – RAM – Storage devices – Video output – Sound systems – Computer ports • System reliability 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3

To Buy or To Upgrade? • Things to consider: – Moore’s Law – Cost To Buy or To Upgrade? • Things to consider: – Moore’s Law – Cost of upgrading vs. buying – Time installing software and files – Needs and wants 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4

Assessing Your Hardware: Evaluating Your System • Assess the computer’s subsystems • The subsystems Assessing Your Hardware: Evaluating Your System • Assess the computer’s subsystems • The subsystems include: – CPU – RAM – Virtual memory – Storage devices – Video – Audio – Ports 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5

Evaluating the CPU • How does the CPU work? – Control unit – Arithmetic Evaluating the CPU • How does the CPU work? – Control unit – Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – Machine cycle: • Instruction Cycle – Fetch – Decode • Execution Cycle – Execute – Store – Speed: • Mhz • Ghz 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6

Upgrading the CPU • Expensive • Easy to install • Motherboard compatibility 3/16/2018© 2007 Upgrading the CPU • Expensive • Easy to install • Motherboard compatibility 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7

Evaluating RAM • Random access memory (RAM): – Temporary storage (memory) – Volatile • Evaluating RAM • Random access memory (RAM): – Temporary storage (memory) – Volatile • Memory modules: – SIMM – DIMM – RIMM • Types of RAM: – SRAM – DRAM – SDRAM 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8

How Much Ram is Needed • • RAM for System Software RAM for Productivity How Much Ram is Needed • • RAM for System Software RAM for Productivity Software RAM for Entertainment RAM for Graphics Programs System Software Windows XP 128 MB Productivity Software MS Office Pro 128 MB Entertainment Software Windows Media Player 64 MB Graphics 128 MB 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. MS Picture It! 9

Adding RAM • Increase system performance • Things to consider: – Type of RAM Adding RAM • Increase system performance • Things to consider: – Type of RAM module – Amount of RAM: • • Maximum limit Number of slots Operating system Applications running at the same time 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10

Evaluating Storage • Types of storage devices: – Hard drive – Floppy drive – Evaluating Storage • Types of storage devices: – Hard drive – Floppy drive – Zip disk drive – CD/DVD – Flash memory • Nonvolatile storage 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11

The Hard Disk Drive • Storage capacity up to 400 GB • Access time The Hard Disk Drive • Storage capacity up to 400 GB • Access time is measured in milliseconds • Data transfer rate is measured in megabits or megabytes per second • Spindle speed is measured in revolutions per minute (rpm) 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12

How a Hard Disk Works • Composed of several coated platters stacked on a How a Hard Disk Works • Composed of several coated platters stacked on a spindle • Data saved to the disk: pattern of magnetized spots Platters Read/write head – Spots = 1 – Spaces = 0 • Between platters are read/write heads that read and write magnetized data • Spots are translated Access arms into data 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13

Portable Storage • Gives us the ability to move data from one computer to Portable Storage • Gives us the ability to move data from one computer to another • Types of portable storage devices: – Floppy disk: • Capacity 1. 44 MB – Zip disk: • Capacity 100 MB to 750 MB – CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVDRW: • Capacity 700 MB to 9. 4 GB – Flash drive: • Capacity 32 MB to 1 GB 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14

Magnetic Storage • Magnetic media: – Metal platters: Track • Hard disks – Plastic Magnetic Storage • Magnetic media: – Metal platters: Track • Hard disks – Plastic film: • Floppy disks • Zip disks • • • Sector Tracks Sectors File Allocation Table 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 15

Optical Storage • Optical media: – – – • • • CD ROM CD-RW Optical Storage • Optical media: – – – • • • CD ROM CD-RW DVD ROM DVD-RW Laser Pit Land 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 16

Upgrading Storage • Hard drive options: – Replace current drive with a larger capacity Upgrading Storage • Hard drive options: – Replace current drive with a larger capacity drive – Install an additional hard drive • Other options: – Zip drive – Replace CD ROM with CDR/RW or DVD-R/RW – Flash card reader – Flash memory drive 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17

Evaluating Video • Two components: – Video card (adapter) – Monitor 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Evaluating Video • Two components: – Video card (adapter) – Monitor 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18

Video Cards • Process binary data into images • Contain memory known as video Video Cards • Process binary data into images • Contain memory known as video RAM (VRAM) • Control the number of colors a monitor can display (bit depth) – Standard VGA • 4 bits • 16 colors – True color (SVGA) • 24 bits • 16 million colors 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19

Monitors • Things to consider: – Types: • CRT or LCD – Size: – Monitors • Things to consider: – Types: • CRT or LCD – Size: – 15, 17, 19, or 21 inch – Resolution: • Increasing resolution allows more to be displayed – Dot pitch: • . 31 mm or less – Refresh rate: • 75 Hz or higher 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 20

Evaluating Audio • Sound card: – Process digital data into sounds – 3 D Evaluating Audio • Sound card: – Process digital data into sounds – 3 D sound cards – Surround sound • Dolby Digital 5. 1 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 21

Evaluating Audio • Speakers: – – Amplified Not amplified Sub-woofer Surround sound 3/16/2018© 2007 Evaluating Audio • Speakers: – – Amplified Not amplified Sub-woofer Surround sound 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22

Evaluating Ports • Ports are used to connect peripheral devices to the computer • Evaluating Ports • Ports are used to connect peripheral devices to the computer • Things to consider: – Devices you want to use – Ports needed for the devices 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23

Types of Ports • Serial Port – Transfers data one bit at a time; Types of Ports • Serial Port – Transfers data one bit at a time; 56 Kbps PS/2 Port COM 1 Port 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. PS/2 Connectors Serial Connector 24

Types of Ports • Parallel – Transfers eight bits of data simultaneously; 12 Mbps Types of Ports • Parallel – Transfers eight bits of data simultaneously; 12 Mbps 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. LPT 1 Port Printer Cable Connector 25

Types of Ports • Universal serial bus – Transfer speed up to 480 Mbps; Types of Ports • Universal serial bus – Transfer speed up to 480 Mbps; Hot swapping 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. USB Port USB Connector 26

Types of Ports • Fire. Wire – Transfer rate of 400 Mbps; Digital cameras Types of Ports • Fire. Wire – Transfer rate of 400 Mbps; Digital cameras Fire. Wire Port 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Fire. Wire Connector 27

Types of Ports • Ethernet – Transfer rate of 100 Mbps; connects computers to Types of Ports • Ethernet – Transfer rate of 100 Mbps; connects computers to networks 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Ethernet Port Ethernet jack 28

Types of Ports • Ir. DA – Transfer rate of 4 Mbps; Uses infrared Types of Ports • Ir. DA – Transfer rate of 4 Mbps; Uses infrared light waves Ir. DA 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29

Types of Ports • Bluetooth – Transfer rate of 1 Mbps; radio waves send Types of Ports • Bluetooth – Transfer rate of 1 Mbps; radio waves send data over short distances Bluetooth 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30

Types of Ports • MIDI Port – Musical Instrument Digital Interface – 31. 5 Types of Ports • MIDI Port – Musical Instrument Digital Interface – 31. 5 Kbps transfer rate 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31

Adding Ports • Expansion cards: – New port standards • Expansion hubs: – Enables Adding Ports • Expansion cards: – New port standards • Expansion hubs: – Enables several devices to be connected to a port 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32

Evaluating System Reliability • Performance: – Slow – Freezes – Crashes • Upkeep and Evaluating System Reliability • Performance: – Slow – Freezes – Crashes • Upkeep and maintenance: – System tools – Control panel – Update software and hardware drivers • The last resort 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 33

Upkeep and Maintenance • System tools: – Disk defragmenter – Disk cleanup • Unnecessary Upkeep and Maintenance • System tools: – Disk defragmenter – Disk cleanup • Unnecessary files • Control panel: – Add/remove programs – Display – System • Device manager 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34

Update Software and Hardware Drivers • Software: – Automatic updates – Patches • Hardware: Update Software and Hardware Drivers • Software: – Automatic updates – Patches • Hardware: – Download updated drivers 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 35

The Last Resort • If problems persist: – Reinstall the operating system – Upgrade The Last Resort • If problems persist: – Reinstall the operating system – Upgrade the operating system to the latest version 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 36

The Final Decision • How closely does your system come to meeting your needs? The Final Decision • How closely does your system come to meeting your needs? • How much would it cost to upgrade your system? • How much would it cost to purchase a new system? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 37

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • How can I determine whether I should upgrade my Chapter 6 Summary Questions • How can I determine whether I should upgrade my existing computer or buy a new one? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 38

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What does the CPU do and how can I Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What does the CPU do and how can I evaluate its performance? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 39

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • How does memory work and how can I evaluate Chapter 6 Summary Questions • How does memory work and how can I evaluate how much memory I need? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 40

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What are the computer’s main storage devices and how Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What are the computer’s main storage devices and how can I evaluate whether they match my needs? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 41

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What components affect the output of video and how Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What components affect the output of video and how can I evaluate whether they are meeting my needs? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 42

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What components affect the quality of sound and how Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What components affect the quality of sound and how can I evaluate whether they are meeting my needs? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 43

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What are the ports available on desktop computers and Chapter 6 Summary Questions • What are the ports available on desktop computers and how can I determine what ports I need? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 44

Chapter 6 Summary Questions • How can I ensure the reliability of my system? Chapter 6 Summary Questions • How can I ensure the reliability of my system? 3/16/2018© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 45