Technology and National Security The Goal Power Projection

Technology and National Security The Goal: Power Projection • The ability to use force around the world in pursuit of US political objectives – Firepower – Efficiency – Accuracy – Speed – coordination

Technology and National Security • • PGMs RMA Cyber war? Robotics?

Precision-Guided Munitions (PGMs) Thanh Hoa Bridge (after)

1990 -91 Gulf War

Revolution in Military Affairs

Lifting the Fog of War? US “Information Dominance” China’s response: Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui. Unrestricted Warfare (Beijing: PLA Literature and Arts Publishing House, February 1999)

Cyberspace: The New Realm of Warfare

Cyber… 1. C 4 ISR 2. Cyberespionage 3. Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability 4. Cyberwar 1. Offensive 2. Defensive

1. C 4 ISR US military dependence on computers for: • • Command Control Communications Computers (internet, networks) Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance

C 4 ISR • What we want: Dominance • Basic reality: Dependence • What we fear: Vulnerability

2. Cyberespionage • Theft of material • Misinformation and alteration of data • Disruption of activities and communications • 21 st century spy game • Identification and attribution

3. Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability

4. Cyberwar?

Real? 1. War just fought computer vs. computer 2. Cyber as an adjunct to traditional war

US Cyber Command

• Cyber deterrence – By punishment – By denial • • Cyber capability race Cyber-war/espionage control treaties? US-China Agreements 2015 “The Critical Infrastructure Non. Disruption Treaty”

Robotics

1. Robots Everywhere?

2. Military Robots • Packbot

3. Robots to Do Specific Tasks UAVs • Predator Drone

• MARCBOT UGV

• Cormorant USV

BCB/AAI SQ-4 RECON Nano Quad-Rotor MAV/UAS/UAV (Micro Air Vehicle/Unmanned Aircraft System/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)

4. Robots Replacing Humans? • Autonomous Battlefield Robots?

Special Weapons Observation Reconnaissance Detection System (SWORDS)

US Strategy • Quality over Quantity • Technological Superiority • Since WW II – Offset Strategies

First Offset Strategy: Eisenhower’s New Look (1950 s) The Problem The Solution

Second Offset Strategy: Air Land Battle Doctrine (1970 s-80 s) The Problem The Solution • Air-Land Battle • US Army FM 100 -5 (1982)

Third Offset Strategy: Technology The Problem: • Anti-Access/Area-Denial strategies (A 2 AD) China’s DF-21 D Anti-ship Ballistic Missile

Third Offset: The Solution: Technology

Third Offset: The Difference 1. Speed of technological change 2. Range of adversaries 3. Private sector drives technological change