Technologies of the Networked Organization: XML & Web Services Prof. Jonathan Wareham j. wareham@esade. edu
Structuring Web Documents: Cascading Style Sheets & XML • • Structured Formatting Introduction to CCS Structured Web Document Introduction to XML
Example: Self-describing data Data stream in a typical interface… “ABC 47 -Z”, “ 100”, “STL”, “C”, “ 3”, “ 28” Same data stream in XML… <INVENTORY> <PART_NUM>ABC 47 -Z</PART_NUM> <QUANTITY>100</QUANTITY> <WAREHOUSE>STL</WAREHOUSE> <ZONE>C</ZONE> <AISLE>3</AISLE> <BIN>28</BIN> </INVENTORY>
What’s so great about XML? • • • The data is self-describing • The meaning of the data is included: identifiers surround every bit of data, indicating what it means Far more flexible method of representing transmitted information • Batched orders sent together can have different fields and format without breaking apps on each end Open, standard technologies for moving, processing and validating the data • The XML parser built into IE 5 can automatically parse, validate, and feed the information to an application, instead of every application having to include this functionality
XML • • • e. Xtensible Markup Language Defines data Improved “CSV” format Recordset (Rows & Columns) Data can be hierarchical Each file can contain multiple record sets • See customer. xml
Explanation - DTD • This example defines the following document tree structure: COURSELIST STUDENT FIRSTNAME LASTNAME CLASSNAME
A XML Document Example <? xml Version=“ 1. 0” Encoding=“UTF-8”? > <!DOCTYPE simple [ <!ELEMENT COURSELIST(STUDENT, CLASSNAME+)> <!ELEMENT STUDENT (FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME)> <!ELEMENT FIRSTNAME (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT LASTNAME (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT CLASSNAME (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT description “This is a very simple example”> ]> <COURSELIST> <STUDENT> <FIRSTNAME> Susan </ FIRSTNAME > <LASTNAME> Glass </ LASTNAME > </STUDENT > <CLASSNAME> CIS 8110 Intro. To IS </CLASSNAME> </ COURSELIST>
A XML Document Example <COURSELIST> <STUDENT> <FIRSTNAME> Jeo </ FIRSTNAME > <LASTNAME> Suess </ LASTNAME > </STUDENT > <CLASSNAME> CIS 8110 Intro. To IS </CLASSNAME> <CLASSNAME> CIS 8120 OO Prototyping </CLASSNAME> <CLASSNAME> CIS 8140 Intro. To DBMS </CLASSNAME> </ COURSELIST> <STUDENT> <FIRSTNAME> John </ FIRSTNAME > <LASTNAME> Smith </ LASTNAME > </STUDENT > <CLASSNAME> CIS 8110 Intro. To IS </CLASSNAME> <CLASSNAME> CIS 8140 Intro. To DBMS </CLASSNAME> </ COURSELIST>
DTD • Document Type Definition • Defines structure of an XML document • Can be defined within XML or linked in • <!DOCTYPE books SYSTEM “books. dtd”> • <!DOCTYPE books SYSTEM http: //wareham. eci. gsu/xmlcases/books. dtd”> • DTDs still difficult to read and program XML schemas on the way from http: //www. w 3. org/tr/ • XML schemas USE XML syntax, not EBNF
Using DTD and XML Documents DTD <!DOCTYPE books [ DTD <!ELEMENT books (book)*> <!DOCTYPE books [ <!ELEMENT books (book)*> XML
What’s Missing in DTDs? • Cannot manipulate ‘DTD’s like XML documents • Syntax different from XML documents • Lack of data typing • XSL: Schemas • Data Typing • Open/Closed Models • Can use XML tools with XML schemas
An Example Schema <? xml version = "1. 0"? > <!-- Microsoft XML Schema showing the Element. Type --> <Schema xmlns = "urn: schemas-microsoft-com: xml-data"> <Element. Type name = "message" content = "text. Only" model = "closed"> <description>Text messages</description> </Element. Type> <Element. Type name = "greeting" model = "closed“ content = "mixed" order = "many"> <element type = "message"/> </Element. Type> <Element. Type name = "my. Message" model = "closed“ content = "elt. Only" order = "seq"> <element type = "greeting" min. Occurs = "0“ max. Occurs = "1"/> <element type = "message" min. Occurs = "1" max. Occurs = "*"/> </Element. Type> </Schema>
Data Types in Schemas <? xml version = "1. 0"? > <Schema xmlns = "urn: schemas-microsoft-com: xml-data" xmlns: dt = "urn: schemas-microsoft-com: datatypes"> <Element. Type name = "inventory" content = "elt. Only" model = "closed"> <element type = "book" min. Occurs = "0" max. Occurs = "*"/> </Element. Type> <Element. Type name = "book" content = "elt. Only" order = "seq" model = "closed"> <Attribute. Type name = "isbn" dt: type = "string" required = "yes"/> <attribute type = "isbn"/> <Attribute. Type name = "in. Stock" dt: type = "enumeration" dt: values = "yes no" default = "no"/> <attribute type = "in. Stock"/> <element type = "name"/> <element type = "price"/> <group order = "one"> <element type = "quantity"/> <element type = "available"/> </group> </Element. Type> <Element. Type name = "name" content = "text. Only" model = "closed" dt: type = "string"/> <Element. Type name = "price" content = "text. Only" model = "closed" dt: type = "float"/> <Element. Type name = "quantity" content = "text. Only" dt: type = "int" model = "closed"/> <Element. Type name = "available" content = "text. Only" dt: type = "date" model = "closed"/> </Schema>
XSL • • • e. Xtensible Stylesheet Language Template for displaying XML data Client-side (browser dependent) Server-side (browser independent) See customer. xsl, customer_xsl. xml, customer_transform. xml
XML Auction Demo
XML and HL 7 • Health Level 7 – Application level protocol for communicating medical data • Clinical data • ADT (admission/discharge/transfers) • ORDERS • REPORTS • Administrative data • Billing • Insurance
An HL 7 message MSH|^~&| LABGL 1|| DMCRES|| 199812300100|| ORU^ R 01| LABGL 1199510221838581| P| 2. 3 ||| NE PID||| 6910828^ Y^ C 8|| Newman^ Alfred^ E|| 19720812| M|| W| 25 Centscheap Ave^^ Whatmeworry^ UT^ 85201^^ P||( 555) 777 - 6666|( 444) 677 - 7777|| M|| 773789090 OBR|| 110801^ LABGL| 387209373^ DMCRES| 18768 - 2^ CELL COUNTS+ DIFFERENTIAL TESTS (COMPOSITE)^ LN||| 199812292128|| 35^ ML||||||| IN 2973^ Schadow^ Gunther^^^^ M D^ UPIN |||||^ Once|||||| CA 20837^ Spinosa^ John^^^^ MD^ UPIN OBX|| NM| 4544 - 3^ HEMATOCRIT (AUTOMATED)^ LN|| 45|| 39 - 49 |||| F||| 199812292128|| CA 20837 OBX|| NM| 789 - 8^ ERYTHROCYTES COUNT (AUTOMATED)^ LN|| 4. 94| 10* 12/ mm 3 |4. 30 - 5. 90|||| F||| 199812292128|| CA 20837 110801^ LABGL| 387209373^ DMCRES| 18768 - 2^ CELL COUNTS+ DIFFERENTIAL TESTS (COMPOSITE)^ LN||| 199812292128|| 35^ ML||||||| IN 2973^ Schadow^ Gunther^^^^ M D^ UPIN |||||^ Once|||||| CA 20837^ Spinosa^ John^^^^ MD^ UPIN NM| 4544 - 3^ HEMATOCRIT (AUTOMATED)^ LN|| 45|| 39 - 49 |||| F||| 199812292128|| CA 20837 NM| 789 - 8^ ERYTHROCYTES COUNT (AUTOMATED)^ LN|| 4. 94| 10* 12/ mm 3 |4. 30 - 5. 90|||| F||| 199812292128|| CA 20837
The XML <Labrs 3 P 00 T=" Labrs 3 P 00"> <Labrs 3 P 00. PTP T=" PTP"> <PTP. primr. Prsnm T=" PN"> <fmn T=" ST"> Sample</ fmn> <gvn T=" ST"> George</ gvn> <mdn T=" ST"> H</ mdn> </ PTP. primr. Prsnm> </ Labrs 3 P 00. PTP> <Labrs 3 P 00. SIOO_ L T=" SIOO_ L"> <SIOO_ L. item T=" SIOO"> <SIOO. filr. Ord. Id T=" IID"> LABGL 110801</ SIOO. filr. Ord. Id> <SIOO. placr. Ord. Id T=" IID"> DMCRES 387209373</ SIOO. placr. Ord. Id> <SIOO. Insnc. Of T=" MSRV"> <MSRV. unv. Svc. Id T=" CE"> 18768 - 2</ MSRV. unv. Svc. Id> <MSRV. svc. Desc T=" TX"> CELL COUNTS+ DIFFERENTIAL TESTS (COMPOSITE)</ MSRV. svc. Desc> </ SIOO. Insnc. Of> <SIOO. SRVE_ L T=" SRVE_ L"> <SRVE_ L. item T=" SRVE"> <SRVE. name T=" CE"> 4544 - 3</ SRVE. name> <SRVE. svc. Evnt. Desc T=" ST"> HEMATOCRIT (AUTOMATED)</ SRVE. svc. Evnt. Desc> <SRVE. CLOB T=" CLOB"> <CLOB. obsvn. Valu T=" NM"> 45</ CLOB. obsvn. Valu> <CLOB. refs. Rng T=" ST"> 39 - 49</ CLOB. refs. Rng> <CLOB. cln. Rlvn. Bgn. Dtm T=" DTM"> 199812292128</ CLOB. cln. Rlvn. Bgn. Dtm> </ SRVE. CLOB> <SRVE. spcm. Rcvd. Dtm T=" DTM"> 199812292315</ SRVE. spcm. Rcvd. Dtm> </ SRVE_ L. item> </ SIOO_ L. item> </ Labrs 3 P 00. SIOO_ L> </ Labrs 3 P 00>
Technology Alphabet Soup HTML, DHTML, CSS, XML, XSL, DOM HTML & DHMTL “Format without Structure” CSS “Enhanced Format, No Structure” XML “Structure Without Format” XSL “Adding Format to Structure” DOM “All Elements Combined”
Web Services Overview Evolution of the Web HTML, XML Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 Static HTML Web Applications Web Services
Web Services Overview Application Model Partner Web Service Other Web Services Internet + XML End Users Your. Company. com Application Business Logic Tier Data Access and Storage Tier Other Applications Partner Web Service
Web Services Overview Portals Ads Mail Other Svcs Calendar Weather Finance News
Web Services Overview Sample Web Services • E-commerce: order books, office supplies, other products • Track packages: UPS, Fed. Ex • Weather • Maps • Telephone redirection, customizable rules and messages
Example Problem Space itt edi red nse C c Cr eo k p h Cs Re Purchase Invoice Order Client Credit Service Consolidate Results PO Service In. R ve RIn ento es serry ve po ve nto ns ey r Inventory Service
Web Service Demos • Web. Methods. net • http: //www. webservicelist. com/ • http: //www. xmlwebservices. cc/index _Samples. htm#Top • http: //www. asitis. co. uk/web-services/
Underlying Technologies Web Services Stack Directory: Publish & Find Services: UDDI Inspection: Find Services on server: DISCO Description: Formal Service Descriptions: WSDL Wire Format: Service Interactions: SOAP Universal Data Format: XML Ubiquitous Communications: Internet Simple, Open, Broad Industry Support
Underlying Technologies Web Services Stack UDDI Inspection http: //www. ibuyspy. com/ibuyspy. disco Request Discovery Document DISCO Return Discovery Document (XML) Description WSDL http: //www. ibuyspy. com/ibuyspycs/Instant. Order. asmx? wsdl Request Service Description Return Service Description (XML) Wire Format Request Service Return Service Response (XML) SOAP Web Service Client Link to Discovery Document (XML) UDDI or other directory service Directory http: //www. uddi. org Locate a Service
SOAP Message Structure SOAP Message The complete SOAP message Headers Protocol binding headers SOAP Envelope <Envelope> encloses payload SOAP Headers SOAP Body Message Name & Data <Header> encloses headers Individual headers <Body> contains SOAP message name XML-encoded SOAP message name & data
UDDI The Vision Advanced Discovery via Portals and Marketplaces Marketplace UDDI Registries and Protocol Marketplace Search Portal Business Users Technical Users
Web Services Overview Technology Fabric Must Span Companies Too
Underlying Technologies XML Is the Glue y /IP g olo n T CP ech T Inn ov Connectivity ati FTP, on E-ma il, Go pher Connect the Web TML H Presentation Web Pa ges Browse the Web XML Connecting Applications Web Se rvice s Program the Web
Web Services Growth? ? ? ? Web Services: Standards-based integration and interoperability across platforms, applications, and programming languages
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