Table of Contents Chapter: Earth's Resources Section 1: Natural Resource Use Section 2: People and the Environment Section 3: Protecting the Environment
Natural Resource Use 1 News Flash: Trouble in the Rain Forest • South America's Amazon River basin contains the world's largest area of tropical rain forest. • Removing rain forests means losing wildlife.
Natural Resource Use 1 News Flash: Trouble in the Rain Forest • More than half of Earth's known plant species and one-fifth of the known bird species can be found in rain forests. • Many people who live in rain forest areas clear land to grow crops or graze cattle. • To get money for food and supplies, these people sell the wood to companies that use it for paper, furniture, and other products.
Natural Resource Use 1 Natural Resources • Most of the items that you buy or use are made of materials that come from natural resources. • Natural resources are things found in nature that living organisms use. • Vegetables that you eat are natural resources.
Natural Resource Use 1 Natural Resources • The trees and the minerals that were used to make the lumber, plastic, and metal in your house are natural resources. • Natural resources are also used to make other items in our lives, such as CD players.
Natural Resource Use 1 What goes into making a CD player? • The cardboard box the CD player came in was made from trees, and those trees are a natural resource. • Plastic is made from crude oil, a resource that's usually found underground.
Natural Resource Use 1 What goes into making a CD player? • Deep holes are drilled in Earth to reach crude oil underground.
Natural Resource Use 1 More Natural Resources • Cutting down trees, drilling for crude oil, mining, and getting natural resources to factories all require energy. • Once the natural resources are at the factories, it takes energy to make them into plastic, cardboard packaging, metal wires and screws.
Natural Resource Use 1 More Natural Resources • Trucks that take the natural resources to the factories use gasoline or diesel fuel, which are made from crude oil. • The electricity used to power machines that make natural resources into materials for CD player parts often comes from burning coal.
Natural Resource Use 1 All Organisms Use Resources • Materials used in building construction include wood, metal, stone, glass, and plastic. • Tools, machinery, and fuel are used during construction. • After completion, the building is filled with furniture, appliances, food, books, and all the other things people use.
Natural Resource Use 1 All Organisms Use Resources • All living things on Earth use natural resources. • Animals use natural resources for food and shelter.
Natural Resource Use 1 Availability of Resources • Sunlight, water, trees, apples. . . These are all natural resources. • Natural resources are found everywhere— in national parks and in the middle of large cities. • They are all renewable (ree NEW uh bul) resources.
Natural Resource Use 1 Renewable Resources • Resources that can be replaced by natural processes in 100 years or less are called renewable resources. • Energy from the sun is a renewable resources because the Sun gives off energy every day, and it will continue to do so every day for millions of years.
Natural Resource Use 1 Renewable Resources • Trees are renewable resources because most trees will grow back and be cut again in less than 100 years.
Natural Resource Use 1 Renewable Resources • Water is another renewable resource. • Heat from the Sun evaporates water from lakes, stream, and oceans, turning it into gaseous water vapor that rises into the atmosphere. • Later, the water vapor condenses back into liquid and falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
Natural Resource Use 1 Renewable Resources • Wind is also an example of a renewable resource. • Old-fashioned windmills used wind energy to pump water from underground wells. • Today, large windmills are used to generate electricity.
Natural Resource Use 1 Nonrenewable Resources • Coal, natural gas, and crude oil take millions of years to form inside Earth. • Nonrenewable resources are resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes within 100 years. • Because nonrenewable resources form slowly over long periods of time, they need to be used wisely.
Natural Resource Use 1 Conserving Resources • Conservation is the practice of protecting and preserving natural resources so they will always be available. • Both renewable and nonrenewable resources need to be conserved. • Protecting the quality of air, water, and land is just as important as preserving supplies of coal, crude oil, and other nonrenewable resources.
Section Check 1 Question 1 What does this map indicate about tropical rain forests in South America?
Section Check 1 A. one-fifth of Earth’s bird species live in rain forests B. rain forests contain natural resources C. some medicines come from rain forest plants D. the area of rain forests are decreasing
Section Check 1 Answer The map shows that tropical rain forest land in South America has significantly decreased since 1940. Worldwide, rain forests are being destroyed at the rate of 117, 000 km 2 every year.
Section Check 1 Question 2 What natural resource is used to make plastics? Answer Crude oil is used to make plastics. Crude oil is a thick dark product that can be made into plastics, gasoline, inks, dyes, and many other products.
Section Check 1 Question 3 Some calculators are solar powered while others use batteries. Which of these types of calculators uses a renewable resource? Answer The solar calculator is using light energy which is a renewable resource. The Sun gives off light energy every day and will continue to do so for millions of years.
People and the Environment 2 Exploring Environmental Problems • Frequently, human activities affect the quality and availability of some of our most precious natural resources: land, water, and air.
People and the Environment 2 Our Impact on Land • How much space do you need? • Think about where your food comes from, your school, and other spaces you use. • If you start adding it all up, the amount of spaces you use is much larger than you may think.
People and the Environment 2 Using Land Wisely • The amount of land available for us to use is limited. • People need food, clothing, jobs and a place to live, and each of these things takes land. But preserving natural habitats also is important. • Once a wetland is filled in to build an apartment building, the wetland the organisms living there are lost.
People and the Environment 2 Land Use Laws • Before major construction can take place in a new area, the land must be studied to determine what impact the construction will have on the natural habitat, the living organisms, the soil, and water in the area. • If there are endangered organisms, living there, or if the impact will be too great, construction may not be allowed.
People and the Environment 2 Landfills • About 57 percent of our garbage goes to landfills. • A landfill, is an area where garbage is deposited.
People and the Environment 2 Landfills • Any material that can harm living things by interfering with life processes is called a pollutant (puh LEW tunt). • Modern landfills are lined with plastic or clay to keep chemical pollutants from escaping.
People and the Environment 2 Landfills • Potentially dangerous items such as batteries, paints, and household cleaners sometimes end up in landfills. • Garbage that contains dangerous chemicals or other pollutants is called hazardous waste. • Hazardous wastes can be taken to a special site where they are collected and disposed of safely.
People and the Environment 2 Our Impact on Water • The average person in the United States uses about 397 L of water each day. • Through water is a renewable resource, in some places it is being used up faster than natural processes can replace it.
People and the Environment 2 Our Impact on Water • Only a small amount of Earth's water is freshwater that people can drink or use for other needs. • Many places around the world are running out of usable freshwater.
People and the Environment 2 Water Pollution • Many everyday activities can cause water pollution. • When you scrub a floor with a mixture of water and a household cleaner, what do you do with the mixture afterward? • You pour it down the drain.
People and the Environment 2 Water Pollution • The polluted water usually goes to a water -treatment plant, where it is cleaned before being used again. Click image to view movie.
People and the Environment 2 Water Pollution • There are many other ways that water can become polluted. • Rain can wash pesticides and fertilizers from farmland into lakes, streams, or oceans.
People and the Environment 2 Water Pollution • Rain falling on roads or parking lots washes oil and grease onto soil or into nearby waterways. • The dumping of litter and garbage into rivers, lakes, and oceans is another source of water pollution.
People and the Environment 2 Water Pollution • Much of our drinking water comes from rivers, lakes, and underground sources. • This water is treated to remove impurities before it is used by people in town and cities.
People and the Environment 2 Cleaning Up the Water • The United States and Canada have agreed to clean up the pollution in Lake Erie, a lake that borders both countries. • The Safe Drinking Water Act is a set of U. S. government standards that makes sure that our drinking water is safe. • The Clean Water Act gives money to the states for building water-treatment plants.
People and the Environment 2 Our Impact on Air • If you live in a city, you may have noticed that on some days, the air looks hazy. • Pollutants such as dust and gases in the air cause this haziness.
People and the Environment 2 Our Impact on Air • Air pollution can be caused by natural events, such as a volcano eruption that releases smoke and ash into the air. But people cause most air pollution.
People and the Environment 2 Sources of Air Pollution • The two biggest sources of air pollution are cars and factories, including power plants that produce electricity.
People and the Environment 2 Sources of Air Pollution • Cars need gasoline to run. • When gasoline is burned, pollutants are released into the air.
People and the Environment 2 Sources of Air Pollution • Many factories and power plants burn coal or oil for the energy they need. • The burning of fuel releases pollutants into the air that can cause health problems. • In the United States, it is estimated that 50, 000 to 120, 000 deaths each year are linked to air pollution.
People and the Environment 2 Acid Rain • Acid rain happens when the gases released by burning oil and coal mix with water in the air to form acidic rain or snow. • When acid rain falls to the ground, it can harm trees and other plants. • When acid rain falls into rivers and lakes, it can kill fish and other organisms that live in the water.
People and the Environment 2 Spare the Air • The best solution for all types of pollution, including air pollution, is prevention. • Reducing the number of pollutants in the environment is easier to do than cleaning up pollution.
People and the Environment 2 Spare the Air • You can help protect the atmosphere by limiting the amount of energy you use at home. • Conserve electricity by turning off lamps, radios, fans, and other appliances that you aren't using. • Keep doors and windows closed to save heat energy in the winter or to reduce the need for air conditioning in the summer.
Section Check 2 Question 1 What might stop the construction of a new shopping center in an area where endangered organisms are living? A. hazardous waste B. landfills C. land use laws D. resource conservation
Section Check 2 Answer The correct answer is C. Land use laws are intended to help people use land wisely. Before major construction can take place in a new area, the land must be studied to determine the impact on the natural resources in the area.
Section Check 2 Question 2 This chart shows the percentage of water covering Earth’s surface. How much of this water is freshwater that people can drink or use for other needs?
Section Check 2 A. less than 1 % B. about 5% C. 50% D. more than 70%
Section Check 2 Answer The correct answer is A. Many places around the world are running out of usable freshwater.
Section Check 2 Question 3 Which of the following can cause acid rain? A. burning oil and coal B. disposing of hazardous wastes in landfills C. dumping garbage into rivers and lakes D. using pesticides on farmland
Section Check 2 Answer The correct answer is A. When coal and oil are burned, gasses are released that mix with water in the air to form acid rain or snow.
Protecting the Environment 3 Cutting Down on Waste • Five billion tons is the estimated amount of solid waste thrown away each year in this country. • Solid waste is whatever people throw away that is in a solid or near-solid form.
Protecting the Environment 3 Cutting Down on Waste • Most waste is produced when coal, oil, and other natural resources are taken from the ground. • Households and businesses produce only about four percent of this country's waste. • Solid-waste management for individuals can be summed up by the three Rs— reduce, reuse, and recycle.
Protecting the Environment 3 Reduce • The simplest and most effective way you can help solve the solid-waste problem is to reduce the total amount of solid waste that you throw away. • One method of reducing waste is to buy products with little or no packaging.
Protecting the Environment 3 Reuse • Reuse means using an item again rather than throwing it away and replacing it. • Worn-out clothes can be used as cleaning rags. • Old newspapers can be used to line pet cages, wrap gifts, or cover the floor when painting.
Protecting the Environment 3 Recycle • Recycling (ree SI kling) means reusing materials after they have been changed into another form. • Used paper can be reprocessed to make recycled paper. • Glass can be melted and reformed into new containers made of recycled glass. Click image to view movie.
Protecting the Environment 3 Recycled Products • Recycling means not only separating your garbage, but also buying recycled goods when you can. • Keep in mind that reducing and reusing use even less energy, because they do not require the reprocessing of materials.
Protecting the Environment 3 Habits for a Healthier Environment • You can see how changing your everyday habits—the way you pack your lunch, the transportation choices you make, the way you dispose of your trash—help reduce solid waste and pollution, and helps conserve natural resources. • The best way for everyone to protect the environment is to develop habits that promote a healthy environment.
Section Check 3 Question 1 What are three Rs of solid waste management? Answer The three Rs are reduce, reuse, recycle. Following the three Rs will cut down on the amount of solid waste generated and save natural resources.
Section Check 3 Question 2 Which of these uses the least amount of energy? A. producing cardboard from recycled newspaper B. recycling aluminum cans into cookware C. recycling plastic containers into carpet D. using the same cloth bags every week for groceries
Section Check 3 Answer The correct answer is D. Recycling saves energy compared to manufacturing new materials. However, reusing items uses even less energy because no materials must be reprocessed.
Section Check 3 Question 3 What is the definition of solid waste? Answer Solid waste is whatever people throw away that is in a solid or near solid form. Solid wastes include plastics, paper, metals, and glass.
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