T-PARC TCS-08 Quicklook 29 October 2008 Operations by

T-PARC/TCS-08 Quicklook 29 October 2008

Operations by the numbers… • 9 participating nations – Canada, China, England, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, United States • Over 500 aircraft mission flight hours – 216 C-130, 179 P-3, 83 Falcon, 37 DOTSTAR • 76 missions – 25 Falcon, 23 C-130, 21 P-3, 7 DOTSTAR • 7 airfields – Andersen AB, Guam; NAF Atsugi, Japan; Kadena AB, Japan; Taiwan, Yokota AB, Japan; MCAS Iwakuni, Japan; Misawa AB, Japan • 11 tropical circulation systems – 4 typhoons, 1 TD, 1 ex-TS, 5 others

Tropical Circulation Systems by the numbers… • During August – September, there were 12 total systems > TD intensity over the western North Pacific – 4 typhoons, 4 tropical storms, 4 TDs • 51 TCS systems – With a few recycled a time or two • 11 systems in which aircraft missions were flown – 4 typhoons, 1 TD, 1 ex-TS, 5 others • 72% of all missions were flown on the 4 typhoon cases – 6 Nuri, 28 Sinlaku, 5 Hagiput, 15 Jangmi (54/75 = 72%)

WC-130 Missions per Objective

WC-130 Time per Objective

NRL P-3 Missions per Objective

NRL P-3 Time per Objective

DLR FALCON Missions per Objective

DLR FALCON Time per Objective

Dropsondes: • WC-130 – 604 total – 564 good – AXBTs • 229 total • 191 good • NRL P-3 – 343 total – 270 preliminary number of good drops pending final mission reports • DLR FALCON – 323 total • DOTSTAR – 124 total • TOTAL: – 1394 dropped – 1281 good (preliminary)

T-PARC Driftsonde Operations Goals • 17 Flights • 38 sondes/flight • 6 week operation period • NPS staff/students operate system via WEB • Send data to GTS quasi real time • Drop 646 Sondes (38 x 17) Reality (Preliminary) • 16 Balloons Launched • 2 Balloon failures – Flight #5 & #8 • 1 Electronics hardware failure – Flight #7 • 13 Good Flights • 253 Good Soundings • Averaged ~19. 5 good sondes/flights Slides by Terry Hock, NCAR

Driftsonde Flight Durations Slides by Terry Hock, NCAR

Preliminary Summary of Soundings • • 13 Gondolas flown (38 x 13 = 494 sondes) 34 sondes ejected at launch 66 sondes not attempted to drop 394 sondes available to drop • Good Drops: 252 • Failed to release: 117 • Questionable data: 26 64% (of 394) 29. 7% (of 394) 6. 6% (of 394) Slides by Terry Hock, NCAR

Driftsonde Balloons 1 -9 140 150 160 170 180 170 160 Driftsonde Balloons 10 -16 Reduced westward distance in time 140 150 160 170 180 170 160

Operations: Aircraft – buoy deployment First occurrence of the deployment of drifting buoys ahead of a category 5 tropical cyclone (Jangmi). Chart at left and imagery below are from a few hours after the deployment of the buoys along the diagonal to the northwest of the TC 2313 UTC 26 September First buoy deployment In TY Hagupit several days earlier P-3 flight track Second deployment in STY Jangmi Buoy, aircraft, and satellite data in Google Earth

Year of Tropical Convection Jointly coordinated by WMO: WCRP and WWRP-THORPEX Through support from ONR and NSF, ECMWF analyses and forecasts are available for the T-PARC and TCS-08 time period T 799 4 times daily 10 -day forecasts 3 -h resolution Available at: http: //dataportal. ecmwf. int/data/d/yotc

Mission Summaries • Track of tropical circulation system • Time periods in which aircraft missions were conducted • Data base – – Aircrafts involved Objectives Hours Data • • • Notes Dropsonde Radar AXBTs Flight level Lidar

TCS-006 1 Mission • 1 TC Formation - Survey – C-130 Coverage • 07/1516 – 07/2215

TCS-006 P-3 • none C-130 • 07/1516 – 07/2215 DOTSTAR • none Falcon • none Coverage • 07/1516 – 07/2215 Notes • Survey for possible low-level circulation associated with TCS-06 • Square spiral pattern • 20 drops • 9 AXBTs • 5: 34 on-station time

TY Nuri (TCS-015 / TD 13 W) 6 Missions • 4 TC fprmation – P-3, C-130 • 2 TC Structure/SAT – C-130 Coverage • • 15/2252 – 16/0426 16/1945 – 17/0415 17/1647 – 18/0525 18/1804 – 19/0325

P-3 • • • TY Nuri (TCS-015 / TD 13 W) 15/2252 – 16/0426 16/2206 – 17/0349 17/2157 – 18/0525 C-130 • • • 16/1945 – 17/0415 17/1647 – 17/2321 18/1804 – 19/0325 DOTSTAR • 20/0843 -20/1325 Falcon • none Coverage • • 15/2252 – 16/0426 16/1945 – 17/0415 17/1647 – 18/0525 18/1804 – 19/0325 Notes • 4 TC formation missions o 2 survey missions o 2 formation missions o 1 each by WC 130 and P 3 • Satellite validation missions flown • First T-PARC DOTSTAR mission

TCS-017 1 Mission • 1 Genesis – C-130 Coverage • 24/1827 – 25/0325

TCS-017 P-3 • none C-130 • 24/1827 – 25/0325 DOTSTAR • none Falcon • none Coverage • 24/1827 – 25/0325 Notes • • TC Formation survey pattern Lawnmower pattern 24 dropsondes 15 AXBTs

TCS-025 7 Missions • 5 TC Formation: Survey – P-3, C-130 • 2 Tropical plume/ET – Falcon Coverage • • • 26/1812 – 27/0725 27/1953 – 28/0515 28/2110 – 29/0615 29/2210 – 30/0135 30/2210 – 31/0205

P-3 • • TCS-025 28/0024 – 28/0620 28/2240 – 29/0615 C-130 • • • 26/1812 – 27/0725 27/1953 – 28/0515 28/2110 – 29/0135 DOTSTAR • none Falcon • • 29/2210 – 30/0135 30/2210 – 31/0205 Coverage • • • 26/1812 – 27/0725 27/1953 – 28/0515 28/2110 – 29/0615 29/2210 – 30/0135 30/2210 – 21/0205 Notes • WC 130 patterns • • Survey for low-level circulation Lawnmower then square spiral • P 3 TC formation survey of asymmetric convection patterns • FALCON flew in plume of tropical moisture and transforming TCS disturbance

Falcon #2 20080830/00 Z

Falcon #3 20080831/00 Z

TCS-030 2 Missions • 2 TC Formation Survey – P-3, C-130 Coverage • 01/1754 – 02/0219

TCS-030 P-3 • 01/1906 – 02/0219 C-130 • 01/1754 – 02/0130 DOTSTAR • none Falcon • none Coverage • 01/1754 – 02/0219 Notes • TCS 030 was a tropical wave with good upper-level support – thought to be a good candidate for development • WC 130 and P 3 each flew TC formation survey patterns • WC 130 flew square spiral pattern

TY Sinlaku (TCS-033 / TD 15 W) Coverage 28 Missions • 8 Structure – P-3, C-130, DOTSTAR • 6 Targeting – Falcon • 14 ET – P-3, C-130, Falcon • • • 09/0030 – 09/1045 09/2100 – 10/1225 10/2043 – 11/1828 12/1138 – 12/2318 13/2330 – 14/0555 15/2135 – 16/0205 16/0500 – 16/0800 16/2044 – 17/1115 17/2224 – 18/0720 18/2235 – 19/0725 20/0156 – 20/1206 20/2205 – 21/0205

T-PARC Sinlaku Missions C-130 • • 09/0030 – 09/1045 10/0140 – 10/1225 11/0728 – 11/1828 12/1138 – 12/2318 16/2044 – 17/0426 17/2224 – 18/0713 19/0053 – 19/0711 20/0156 – 20/1206 P-3 • • • 10/2019 – 11/0602 16/2053 – 17/0515 17/2239 – 18/0616 19/0015 – 19/0725 20/0235 – 20/1145 DOTSTAR • 09/2100 – 10/0231 • 10/2043 – 11/0242 • 15/2143 – 16/0205 DLR Falcon • • • 11/0320 – 11/0720 11/0815 – 11/1220 13/2330 – 14/0315 14/0445 – 14/0555 15/2135 – 16/0120 16/0500 – 16/0800 17/0320 – 17/0635 17/0750 – 17/1115 18/0325 – 18/0720 18/2235 – 18/2355 19/0110 – 19/0510 20/2205 – 21/0205 Coverage • • • 09/0030 – 09/1045 09/2100 – 10/1225 10/2043 – 11/1828 12/1138 – 12/2318 13/2330 – 14/0555 15/2135 – 16/0205 16/0500 – 16/0800 16/2044 – 17/1115 17/2224 – 18/0720 18/2235 – 19/0725 20/0156 – 20/1206 20/2205 – 21/0205 Note: Times listed above are times aircraft were aloft and do not necessarily reflect on-station times.

TY Sinlaku (TCS-033 / TD 15 W) Notes • Multiple mission types with all aircraft • See reports on catalog

Falcon #14 20080917/10 Z

Sinlaku 17 September 05: 30 UTC

TCS-037 (TD 16 W) Coverage 5 Missions • 4 TC formation – P-3, C-130 • 1 Targeting / ET – Falcon • • • 06/1946 – 07/0519 07/2208 – 08/0815 08/2210 – 09/0722

TCS-037 (TD 16 W) C-130 • • 06/1946 – 07/0519 07/2208 – 08/0745 P-3 • • 07/2345 – 08/0815 09/0148 – 09/0722 DOTSTAR • none Falcon • 08/2210 – 09/0150 Coverage • • • 06/1946 – 07/0519 07/2208 – 08/0815 08/2210 – 09/0722 Notes • TC Formation – survey missions • WC 130 flew square spiral patterns • P 3 flights obtained data on TUTT cell structure and surrounding convection

TY Hagiput (TCS-043 / TD 18 W) 4 Missions • 2 TC formation survey • 2 Structure – P-3, DOTSTAR Coverage • • • 13/2003 – 14/0355 14/2008 – 15/0230 21/2100 – 22/0650

TY Hagiput (TCS-043 / TD 18 W) C-130 • 14/2008 – 15/0230 P-3 • • • 13/2003 – 14/0355 14/2014 – 15/0123 21/2235 – 22/0650 DOTSTAR • 21/2100 – 22/0300 Falcon • none Coverage • • • 13/2003 – 14/0355 14/2008 – 15/0230 21/2100 – 22/0650 Notes • P 3 missions were several days prior to formation as the tropical wave passed by Guam • Structure mission done during transit from Kadena AFB to Andersen AFB

STY Jangmi (TCS-047 / TD 19 W) 15 Missions • 1 TC formation – P-3 • 7 Structure – P-3, C-130, DOTSTAR • 4 Targeting – Falcon • 3 ET – Falcon Coverage • • • 23/0012 – 23/0711 24/1713 – 25/0320 25/2003 – 26/0650 26/2008 – 27/1417 27/2044 – 28/0142 28/0310 – 28/1110 29/0350 – 29/0710 29/2220 – 30/0655 01/0525 – 01/1310

Typhoon Sinlaku 10 -11 September: 4 Aircraft Missions 0000 0600 1200 1800 0000 0600 10 September 1200 1800 0000 11 September WC-130: Center fixes, satellite validation, structure, intensity NRL P-3: Outer band structure FALCON: Typhoon Targeting DOTSTAR: Typhoon targeting

Targeting Motivation: Track Uncertainty 10 September ECMWF Strike Probability JMA Ensemble Members Numerical model aids

TCS-049 1 Mission • 1 Genesis (? ) – P-3 Coverage • 02/2115 – 03/0430

TCS-049 P-3 • 02/2115 – 03/0430 C-130 • none DOTSTAR • none Falcon • none Coverage • 02/2115 – 03/0430 Notes • Survey of general convection south of Guam • Weak tropical wave

TCS-051 P-3 • 03/2224 – 03/0805 C-130 • none DOTSTAR • none Falcon • none Coverage • 03/2224 – 03/0805 Notes • Detailed observations of MCS evolution

Firsts • First operation of WC-130 Js at 31, 000 ft altitude except when penetrating a mature TC – Dropped sondes and AXBTs from high altitude – Timed with passage of polar-orbiting satellites for satellite intensity validation • First systematic targeting operation in the WPAC – Comparison of several methods from a variety of operational and research organizations – Multiple aircraft – ECMWF/UKMO Data Targeting System • First four plane operation in a WPAC TC • First buoy drop in front of a WPAC TC – Two TCs – First time a category 5 TC passed over buoys dropped in its path • First systematic observations of full extratropical transition process – Multiple aircraft and land-based radar – Timed with satellite overpass

Firsts • First operation of the Driftsonde in the Pacific – Launch from Hawaii – Dropsonde data retrieved and sent to GTS for use in operational numerical weather forecasting models • First use of the ELDORA radar in typhoons over the western North Pacific flight operations in: – – Cloud clusters Developing tropical cyclones Mature tropical cyclones Tropical cyclones undergoing extratropical transition