System of Systems Analysis of Future Combat Systems

System of Systems Analysis of Future Combat Systems Sustainment Requirements Ivan W. Wolnek Associate Technical Fellow The Boeing Company 8 Th Annual NDIA Systems Engineering Conference October 2005 Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223

FCS Sustainment Design the system to be sustainable by the force Development of an individual system Current Army force structure Design the System-of. Systems to sustain the force Development of a System-of-Systems Future Force – Unit of Action Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 2

Agenda • FCS and Army Transformation • Supportability Performance • Analysis Process and Examples • Process Enablers • Lessons Learned • Questions Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 3

Leading Transformation • The US Army “At War and Transforming” – 781, 000 to 480, 000 active duty since 1990 – Forces currently deployed in 120 countries – Army’s transformation effort announced in Oct 1999 – Leading implementation of network-centric operations – Driving Joint interdependency and standards • FCS: Transformation in Multiple Dimensions General Peter J. Schoomaker Chief of Staff, U. S. Army – Warfighting, logistics, technology, business FCS is a Complex System of Systems in a Transformational Warfighting Context Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 4

Reaffirming the Government’s Key Program Tenets • • • • Create opportunity for Best of Industry to participate Leverage government Technology base to maximum extent Associate on-going enabling efforts with LSI-Led activity Collaborative Environment from design through life cycle As a minimum, Commonality at subsystem/component level Design/plan for Technology Integration and Insertion Maintain and shape the Industrial Base for the future Retain Competition throughout future force acquisition Appropriate Government Involvement in procurement processes Consistent and continuous Definition of Requirements Maintain and shape government acquisition community Program Affordability - Balance performance and sustainment One team operating with Partnership and Teamwork The tenets remain constant: Applying them to the Current and Future Force Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 5

Future Combat Systems Manned Systems Command Control Vehicle Infantry Carrier Vehicle Unmanned Air Vehicles Unattended Ground Sensors Mounted Combat System Class IV Class III Class I Unattended Munitions NLOS LS Intelligent Munitions System Recon and Surveillance Vehicle Unmanned Ground Vehicles ARV RSTA Non-Line of Sight Cannon ARV Aslt Non-Line of Sight Mortar Small (Manpackable) UGV Armed Robotic Vehicle FCS Recovery and Maintenance Vehicle MULE: (Transport) Medical Treatment and Evacuation ARV-A (L) MULE: (Countermine) Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 6

Agenda • FCS and Army Transformation • Supportability Performance • Analysis Process and Examples • Process Enablers • Lessons Learned • Questions Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 7

Supportability Performance • Supportability Performance Objectives – Reduced Logistics Footprint – Reduced Demand for Maintenance – Reduced Demand for Supply • Enabled by – Personnel Efficiencies Networked Sustainment – Improved Reliability/Availability – Lower Maintenance Ratio – Increase in Crew-performed Maintenance – Lower Consumption Rates – Part and supply Commonality – Self-Sustainment – Networked Sustainment Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 8

The Integrated - Interoperable UA Network-Centric Warfighting - Supportability Joint Common Database Situation Awareness HQ Information Management Distributed Database Information Layer ESO COP DATA Synchronization FIOP Training Complementary Programs Logistics Interoperability Joint Operations • EPLRS • SINCGARS • VHF • Link 4 A • Link 11 • Link 16 • WIN-T GCSS-A Reach Back Current Army XX FSB LDSS Complementary Programs ASSURED HQ UE/HQ Hierarchical Ad-Hoc Network WIN-T Battle Command WNW JTRS Platform Systems Class I UAV Class IV UAV Manned Unattended Unmanned Ground Vehicle Ground Sensors Ground Vehicles Unit of Action Soldier Systems PS-MRS GP 32608055 d. ppt Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 9

Supportability as a Quality of Firsts • See First – The Networked Sustainment system “sees” supportability concerns before the warfighter • Understand First – Networked Sustainment system understands the impact/influence of supportability concerns on the force • Act First – Networked Sustainment system automatically presents Courses of Action (COAs) to the User to resolve supportability concerns – Automated initiation of COAs • Finish Decisively – Networked Sustainment enables resolution of supportability concerns with minimal impact to force operation • Sustainment Concerns = need for and status of: – – Resupply Maintenance Combat Health Support Human Resource Support Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 10

Sustainment Performance Analysis • Integrate Army doctrine for supportability functionality into the FCS requirements baseline • Apply FCS Networked Sustainment concept to the accomplishment of supportability functions in the UA Design the system to be sustainable by the force Development of an individual system Current Army force structure Design the System-of. Systems to sustain the force Development of a System-of-Systems Future Force – Unit of Action Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 11

Agenda • FCS and Army Transformation • Supportability Performance • Analysis Process and Examples • Process Enablers • Lessons Learned • Questions Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 12

Requirements Tree PIDS Requirement PIDS Requirement em q r ui e Us e r. R User Requirement en t PIDS Requirement uir eq SR SO Analysis t en t eq R er Us e uir n me PIDS Requirement em Req uire SOS t en m re ui eq R em S uir SO eq SR SO PIDS Requirement me nt PIDS Requirement Us er User Requirement Re q uir em en t Analysis establishes a strong foundation to support requirements development Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 13

Analysis Focus MB SRR So. SFR IPDR CDR DRR Army Operational Validation qu ica tio Re & & tio n ts System Integration Verification n In te gr a sig De Prime Item & CI Development Specs System of System Verification Ve n me rif ire System of Systems System Spec n ORD, O&O, ASR, SEP, CDD MC Subsystem Integration Verification Preliminary Design Component Verification CI / CSCIs Requirements developed by: Army LSI / Suppliers Build Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 14

Requirement Decomposition Process Army Doctrine • Combat Service Support (CSS) • Army FM 4 -0 • Army Universal Task List (AUTL) • Army FM 7 -15 Existing FCS Operational Analyses • Architecture • Integrated Processes ANALYSIS F(1) + F(2) + F(3) + F(4) + F(n) • Outputs*: • System Functional Requirements • System Performance Requirements • System Interface Requirements • System Design Constraints ANALYSIS SOS Specification Requirement PIDS Rqrmnt PIDS Rqrmnt Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 15

Example – Human Resources Support Army Universal Task List Combat Services Support Provide Human Resources Support …………… Man the Force Manning the Force ………………… Conduct Personnel Readiness Management ……. . Replacement Operations Management ……… Conduct Replacement Operations Personnel Accounting Provide Career Management Personnel Information Management …………… Provide Personnel Information Management Manage DOD/DA Civilian Personnel Services Personnel Support Distribute soldiers to subordinate commands based on documented manpower authorizations and the commander’s priorities. ART 6. 6. 1. 1 involves the critical manning tasks of predict, resource, monitor, assess, and adjust. • Upon prediction of a critical personnel manning vacancy based upon …. the FCS Networked System shall identify the vacancy to the Commander. • Upon notification of a vacancy … the FCS Networked System shall recommend assignments to fill critical personnel manning requirements. • The FCS Networked System shall prioritize critical personnel manning data for the Commander's assessment. • The FCS Networked System shall collect critical personnel manning data in accordance with AR 220 -1. • The FCS Networked System shall recommend adjustment of critical personnel to distribute soldiers to subordinate UA commands. Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 16

Example – Dental Support Combat Services Support Health Service Support Functional Areas Medical Evacuation & Regulation Hospitalization Health Service Logistics Dental Services Operational Care Emergency Dental Care Essential Dental Care Comprehensive Care Veterinary Support Preventive Medicine Out of Scope For Unit of Action Army Universal Task List Provide Force Health Protection Provide Combat Casualty Care Provide Medical Treatment Provide Hospitalization Provide Dental Services Operational Dental Care Emergency Dental Care Essential Dental Care Comprehensive Dental Care Provide Clinical Laboratory Services Provide Mental Health Treatment Provide Medical Evacuation Provide Medical Logistics Provide Casualty Prevention … … … Provide Preventive Dentistry Support Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 17

Example – Dental Support (page 2) Combat Services Support Dental Services Operational Care Emergency Dental Care Essential Dental Care Comprehensive Care Army Universal Task List Provide Dental Services Operational Dental Care Emergency Dental Care Essential Dental Care Comprehensive Dental Care Prevent and treat dental disease and injury. ART 6. 5. 1. 3 includes providing operational dental care, which consists of emergency dental care and essential dental care, and comprehensive care which is normally only performed in fixed facilities in CONUS or in at least a Level III facility. • Provide Emergency Dental Treatment • • • Collect Emergency Dental data Communicate Emergency Dental Data to MC 4 Provide Preventive Dental Support • Collect preventive Dental data • Communicate preventive Dental Data to MC 4 Out of Scope For Unit of Action Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 18

Analysis Summary and Results • Original Sustainment requirements analysis based only on the ORD resulted in approximately 1100 requirements • Incorporation of CSS and AUTL field manuals into the analysis process • CSS/AUTL analysis clarified functionality not obvious in original ORD analysis – Human Resources – Information Management • Medical Support • Resupply • Maintenance – Planning functions • Resupply • Maintenance • CSS/AUTL analysis derived an additional 950 So. S requirements – Represents 1/3 of the Sustainment Requirements in the specification Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 19

Agenda • FCS and Army Transformation • Supportability Performance • Analysis Process and Examples • Process Enablers • Lessons Learned • Questions Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 20

Key Factors to a Successful Analysis • The right mix of people … and personalities – Systems Engineers – System Designers – Logisticians – Soldiers – Facilitators • Leadership commitment to a common set of goals • Adequate planning and schedule • Participants want to do the job and appreciate the value • Maintain tangible results in-sight Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 21

Agenda • FCS and Army Transformation • Supportability Performance • Analysis Process and Examples • Process Enablers • Lessons Learned • Questions Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 22

Lessons Learned • It pays off when the time is taken to do the job right • Indications the job was done right – Endures the “test of time” • Sustainment analysis at the front end of the program as a major influence – Historically unusual for this level of Sustainment requirements analysis this early in a program – Sustainment requirements constitutes ~30% of System-of-System requirements on FCS • Culture change within the Sustainment community … bigger culture change outside the Sustainment community Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 23

Agenda • FCS and Army Transformation • Supportability Performance • Analysis Process and Examples • Process Enablers • Lessons Learned • Questions Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited, TACOM 6 Oct 2005, Case 05 -223 IWW 7 October 2005 FCS 24