Syria Lebanon Jordan A brief lecture on

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Syria, Lebanon, & Jordan A brief lecture on their relationship with each other, and Israel.

Certain materials are included under the fair use exemption of the U. S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the multimedia fair use guidelines and are restricted from further use. Flags obtained from: http: //www. cia. gov/cia/publications/fact book/ © 2007 -Jon Benignus

Colonial Times • Ottoman Empire fell after WWI • Britain and France divided up its possessions • French Mandate included – Lebanon and Syria • British Mandate included – Palestine and Trans-Jordan

Hafiz al Assad • President of Syria from 1971 – 2000 • Led the Syrian Ba’ath party • Sent Syrian troops to Lebanon • State sponsored terrorism in Lebanon (Hezbollah) – Syria call them freedom fighters http: //www. ssc. upenn. edu/polisci/psci 150/modules/bur/sy 04_03 a. jpg

Bashar al Assad • Trained in U. K. as an ophthalmologist • Older brother died in 1994 • President of Syria from 2000 – present • Made some reforms http: //www. syriadaily. com/i/f 2/79112 e 6 c. jpg

Golan Heights • Golan Heights are hilly – controlled by Israel • Easy to defend • Once in Israel it is easy to attack on flat ground • Syria wants it back http: //www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/History/golanpre 67. html

Syria Rebellions • 1982 Hama massacre – al Assad killed around 40, 000 Syrian people • 2011 start of Syrian Uprising (civil war) – 70, 000 dead so far http: //middleeastvoices. voanews. com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/02/hama_03 feb 12. jpg

Religion • Arab Sunni Muslim – 60% • Kurd Sunni Muslim – 9% • Shia Muslim – 13% – Alawites – 12% • Bashir al Assad and the government are Alawites • Christians – 10% • Druze Muslim – 3% • Christians, Kurds, Druze and other minorities side with the government • Afraid of persecution by majority Sunnis if they take over http: //geocurrents. info/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Syria-Religion-Map. jpg

Lebanon • Civil War between Christians and Muslims 1975 -1990 • Palestinian refuges in Southern Lebanon • Occupied by Israelis and Syrians – In the past http: //www. cia. gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/le. html

Israel in Lebanon • Hezbollah launches rockets at Israel from Southern Lebanon • Israel invades southern Lebanon – 1982 -2000 – Allied to Lebanese Christians http: //www. meib. org/articles/0105_l 1. htm

Hezbollah in Lebanon • Hezbollah in the south of Lebanon – Mostly Shi’a Muslim • Receive weapons from Syria & Iran – Iran is also Shi’a – Syria just hates Israel http: //www. economist. com/world/africa/displ aystory. cfm? story_id=E 1_SRQPPGG

Jordan • Mostly desert • Few natural resources • Palestinian refuges make up half the population http: //www. cia. gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/jo. html

King Hussein bin Talal • King of Jordan from 1952 -1999 • Title of ‘Protector of Jerusalem’ • Ceded West Bank to ‘Palestinian State’ http: //www. ssc. upenn. edu/polisci/psci 150/modules/bur/sy 04_03 a. jpg

King Hussein bin Talal • British educated, prowestern • Married an American – Queen Noor • Source of stability in unstable region http: //www. balgawi. com/Jordan/images/album_d 269. jpg

King Abdullah II • Son of King Hussein • Married to a Palestinian – Queen Rania • Caught between Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Israel http: //www. timesofdaniel. com/images/king_abdullah_photo. gif

King Abdullah II • Appeared on Star Trek Voyager – Un-credited walk on roll – Before he became king • Can’t be all that bad http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: King_Abdullah_on_Star_Trek. jpg

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