Syllabification Syllable formation & Syllable Division
CONTENT • Syllable as an elementary unit of a spoken chain • Syllable formation. Types of syllables • Syllable division. Three types of consonants • Distinctive functions of Syllabification
Syllable is a sequence of sounds. • Syllable (Ancient Greek: συλλαβή) is the smallest pronounceable unit, which forms language units of greater magnitude( morphemes, words and utterances. (Sokolova) • Syllable can be defined as a complex unit made up of the nuclear and marginal elements, with vowels acting as nuclear, syllabic elements and consonants as marginal, or non-syllabic ones. (Shevchenko) • Syllable is the minimal grouping of vowels and consonants necessary for articulation (as a phonetic unit) and for storing strings of phonemes in the mental representation ( as phonological
Syllable: The syllable can be studied on 4 levels: • acoustic auditory • articulatory • functional
Syllable: Syllable can be studied from the following aspects: • Acoustically and auditory Syllable is characterized by Intensity - frequency duration - force of utterance, pitch of voice length • Articulatory characteristics of Syllable are defined by work of the organs of speech and connected with sound juncture based on theories of syllable formation & syllable division. • Functional or phonemic aspect of Syllable (Syllabification) is connected with the realization of constitutive recognative distinctive functions
![Syllables open unсovered open сovered сlose unсovered close covered [a: ] _ [k a:](https://present5.com/presentation/42207062_25136015/image-6.jpg "Syllables open unсovered open сovered сlose unсovered close covered [a: ] _ [k a:")
Syllables open unсovered open сovered сlose unсovered close covered [a: ] _ [k a: ] _ [a: t] [/ p] [k a: t] [k / t]
Syllable: The syllable also can be light • with a short vowel & no consonant to follow Unstressed • city – [si-ti ] pity – [pi-ti] heavy • With historically long vowel or diphthong & short vowel with consonant to follow • Stressed Meat – [mi: t] nice – [nais]
Syllable formation • based on phonological opposition vowel – consonant. • Vowels are usually syllabic • Consonants are non-syllabic • the exceptions are [l], [m], [n] they are syllabic if they are presided by noise consonants
Syllable formation • In English the closed type of syllable as the fundamental one • In Russian the open type forms is basic for syllable formation.
Syllable formation Syllabic theories • chest-pulse or expiratory (pressure) theory by Stetson` • arc of muscular tension by Scherba or arc of loudness by Zhinkin • sonority theory by Otto Jespersen
Syllable formation The sonority theory • each sound is characterized by a certain degree of sonority. • as many syllables in a word as there are peaks of prominence according to the scale of sonority.
The Sonority theory Scale of sonority low vowels mid vowels high vowels sonorants [l, m, n, ] voiced constrictive consonants voiced plosive consonants voiceless constrictive con-ts and affricates voiceless plosive consonants
Syllable formation • Scale of sonority: V – most sonorous C – least sonorous - peaks of sonority slopes
Syllable division An intervocalic consonant tends to belong to the following syllabic sound (for long vowel or a diphthong) eg music ['mju: -zik]; skating ['skei-t. IN]. In case of a short stressed vowel the intervocalic consonant belongs to ü the short vowel preceding it (to make the short vowel checked) eg pity ['pit-i], coffee [‘k. Of-I] , better ['bet-q]; ü the vowel following it, eg ['pi-ti], [‘k. O-f. I], ['be-tq]; ü the syllable boundary goes through the consonant eg ['piti], [‘k. Of. I], ['betq]
Syllable division The "arc of loudness" or "arc of articulatory tension" theory by L. V. Shcherba • the centre of a syllable is the syllable forming sound - V • consonants preceding a vowel –finally strong • consonants following it - initially strong nstitute a chain or an arc which is weak in the beginning and in the end and strong in the middle.
Syllable division • • Сonsonants can be viewed as: Initially strong Finally strong Geminate/double consonants M I Finally strong n t Initially strong
Syllable division • • Сonsonants can be viewed as: Initially strong Finally strong Geminate/double consonants • The sound /s/ is strong at both ends • weak in the middle • .
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SYLLABLES • The constitutive function of syllable formation and syllable division is inseparably connected with its materiality, because the syllable is a material carrier of words, phrases and sentences. • The distinctive function can be traced in the oppositions of words consisting of the same morphemes the meaning of which is differentiated by word stress.
Syllable division changes the allophonic contents of the word or word combination because of realization of the phoneme in different positions in a syllable • Initial • Medial • Final [ ma. Isk. Il - ma. Isk. Il ] [ gri: k spai ]
FUNCTIONS • CONSTITUTIVE or organizing & • DISTINCTIVE • THANK YOU !!!
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