Sustainable management of the Mackenzie Country’s freshwater resources – a huge challenge Ken Hughey, Department of Environmental Management Lecture to St Andrews College, 23 rd March 2015 Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Our surveys of New Zealanders show that most people want this, but … Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
They also want … • • • A vibrant economy with diverse economic opportunities A rich social fabric with lots of Jobs Good incomes A good health system etc Respect for the Treaty of Waitangi • Which is challenging for a country so far from everywhere the natural environment (and its people) are our greatest resource. Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Within this context, NZ’s most water dependent region, Canterbury, finds itself in the midst of: Post EQ recovery A govt wanting exports doubled by 2025 A reliance on water to drive growth Competing demands for water – hydro, irrigation, recreation, environment, tangata whenua, tourism • Major ongoing contests for water • • • The response: the Canterbury Water Management Strategy and non-democratic governance! Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Canterbury’s water management zones The zone that I am a committee member of Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Ken’s ‘roughly informed’ assessment of water quantity/quality by zone in Canterbury Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
The landscapes are amazing and iconic for many NZers and tourists Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Almost desert like in places Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping the Mackenzie Landscape – giving rise to a full range of ecosystem services: water from mountains to the sea Uplift and erosion Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping the Mackenzie Landscape Ice and water Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping the Mackenzie Landscape ; extensive pastoralism Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping the Mackenzie Landscape Huts, homesteads, hotels and houses Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping the Mackenzie Landscape Seeds, wire and seedlings Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping the Mackenzie Landscape Machines and infrastructure Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Landscape values • Expansive scale with • A rich mosaic of ecosystems • Legibility and • Powerful aesthetic qualities • Places and networks of heritage yet • An overall sense of naturalness Coherence and complementarity Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Landscape vulnerabilities Ecosystem decline Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Landscape vulnerabilities Institutional Separation and Intensification Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Landscape vulnerabilities – periurbanisation Source: realestate. co. nz Fragmentation Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Landscape vulnerabilities Sub urbanisation Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Land (including water) scape vulnerabilities Intensification Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Landscape vulnerabilities Disconnection of the global from the local Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Landscape vulnerabilities Unmanaged wildings Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Lot’s of complementary values and activities – salmon farming, salmon and trout angling, hydro canals, amazing views! Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Immense conservation values – in- and out-of-stream Black-fronted tern Black Stilt Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Robust grasshopper Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping a way forward - principles • • • Deep structure Landscape scale Recognising competing values Long view – in time and space Resilient community institutions Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Shaping the way forward - process • • Mapping Characterising Valuing Envisioning Strategising Acting Working together The Mackenzie Sustainable Futures Trust; Canterbury Water Management Strategy. Zone Committees Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Ultimately to manage water, and especially water quality, we need a yard stick, and that yard stick is now agreed to be Lake Benmore – if it is healthy then so are the water bodies of the Basin, generally speaking! Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
Conclusions • Traditional planning and management approaches have not really delivered in the Mackenzie Basin: some rivers have gone (Pukaki), other damm(n)ed (Waitaki) • New approaches required that: o Identify broad community desired outcomes o Embed these outcomes in statutory plans o Deliver sustainable management through collaborative and regulatory approaches o Are embedded in an adaptive management, learn as we go, approach • This new approach, and it is an experiment to delivering sustainable and integrated management, is the Canterbury Water Management Strategy • As an experiment it to requires monitoring and it requires broad community commitment from all sectors: extensive and intensive farming, tourism, fishing, tangata whenua, conservation, … • It is people of your age that will determine if we have been successful! Lincoln University | www. lincoln. ac. nz
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