surfac e by Susan title by Willard

surfac e by Susan

title by Willard Gaylin text focus version exercise key word list

Para 1 译文 It was, I believe, the distinguished Nebraska financier Father Edward J. Flanagan who professed to having “never met a bad boy. ” Having, myself, met a remarkable number of bad boys, it might seem that either our experiences were drastically different or we were using the word “bad”differently. I suspect neither is true, but rather that the Father was appraising the “inner man, ” while I, in fact, do not acknowledge the existence of inner people.

Para 2 译文 Since we psychoanalysts have unwittingly contributed to this confusion, let one, at least, attempt a small rectifying effort. Psychoanalytic data--which should be viewed as supplementary information -- is, unfortunately, often viewed as alternative (and superior) explanation. This has led to the prevalent tendency to think of the “inner” man as the real man and the outer man as an illusion or pretender.

Para 3 译文 While psychoanalysis supplies us with an incredibly useful tool for explaining the motives and purposes human behavior, most of this has little bearing on the moral nature of that behavior.

Para 4 (1) 译文 Like roentgenology , psychoanalysis is a fascinating but relatively new , means of illuminating the person. But few of us are prepared to substitute an X-ray of Grandfather’s head for the portrait that hangs In the parlor. The inside of the man represents another view , not a truer one.

Para 4 (2) 译文 A man may not always be what he appears to be , but what he appears to be is always a significant part of what he is. A man is the sum total of all his behavior. To probe for unconscious determinations of behavior and then define him in their terms exclusively , ignoring his overt behavior altogether , is a greater distortion than ignoring the unconscious completely.

1. profess : vt. (1) claim (sth) , often falsely. d 1 I don’t profess to be an expert in this subject She professed total ignorance of the matter He professed that he knew nothing about the matter (2) state openly that one has (a belief , feeling, etc ) They professed optimism about the outcome He professed himself satisfied with the progress made

2. appraise : vt. assess the value or quality of d 2 One good method is to appraise a student’s work It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraise n: appraisal (C , U)

3. inner : adj. (1) Inside ; (attrib) This is an inner room (2) (of feelings) unexpressed If she had inner doubts , it was not apparent to anyone else d 3 (3) expressions : the inner man /woman : (a) a person’s mind or soul (b) one’s appetite (joc) Now it’s better to satisfy the inner man /woman inner city : oldest parts of a city , at or near its centre

4. unwittingly : adv. in an unwitting way If I offended you it was unwittingly. d 4 adj : unwitting (attrib) (1) not knowing /aware He was an unwitting carrier of stolen good. (2) not intentional I’m sorry for my unwitting interruption of your private conversation.

5. Contribute (to) : v. (1) increase sth , add to sth Her explanation was contributed enormously to our understanding of this article. (2) help to cause sth Morning exercises do contribute to our good heath. (3) write(articles, etc)for a publication d 5 She has contributed (several essays) to literary magazines. Esprit de corps really contributes to the formation of a good class.

6. Rectify : vt. ( -fied ) d 6 (1) put (sth) right ; correct ; This is a mistake that cannot be rectified (2) (esp, passive) (chemistry) purify or refine , esp , by repeated distillation n: rectification : rectifying or being rectified adj : rectifiable : that can be rectified

7. alternative : adj. (attrib) d 7 (1) available in place of sth else; other The alternative for translation is Gone With the Wind (2) (idm) : The alternative society : people who prefer not to live according to the conventional standards of social behavior. n : alternative

8. prevalent : adj. (among /in) d 8 existing or happening generally ; widespread. The prevalent opinion is in favor of reform. n : prevalence (U) being prevalent They were very surprised by the prevalence of anti war sentiments.

9. bearing on (sth) : n– phrase. relevance to ; relation to. d 9 What he said had not much bearing on the problem. bearing : n (1) (sing) behavior ; way of standing , walking etc. Her dignified bearing is always attractive. (2) (pl) aspects We must consider the question in all bearings.

10. illuminating : vt. (1) Provide · · ·with light. d 10 The football pitch was illuminated with floodlight. The setting sun illuminated the river (2) make ··· clear ; help to explain. It’s necessary for a teacher to illuminate a difficult passage in a book. adj : illuminating ： particularly revealing or helpful. Her explanation is an illuminating analysis.

11. substitute : d 11 (1) vt. ( — · · · for) put or use ··· as a substitute (for ···) We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. (2) vi. ( — for) act or serve as a substitute. Can you substitute for me at the meeting ?

12. Exclusively : adv. d 12 adj : exclusive (1) reserved for or limited to ···. The interview is exclusive to this magazine. (2) excluding all but the thing specified. Teaching has not been her exclusive occupation. (3) not admitting something new /else. The two plans are mutually exclusive be exclusive of ··· : not including ; not counting; The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation.

tr 1 记得内布拉斯加著名的金融家爱德华 • J • 弗拉纳根神父曾声称“从未遇到过坏孩子” ，但我自己却遇到过不少坏孩子。这或许是因为我们俩的经历大不相同，或许是因为我们所用的“坏”这个词的含义不同。但我怀疑两者都。真正的原由在于，神父是在赞扬“内在的人”，而我却不承认内在之人的存在。

tr 2 由于我们精神分析家无意之中造成了这一混乱现象，那么至少得有人做出一点微薄的努力予以澄清。不幸的是，精神分析资料—— 本该当作补充信息才是——往往被看作可供选择（而且是更可取的）解释。这样就导致了目前这种普遍倾向，即把“内在的人”看作真实的人，而把外在的人视为一种错觉或假面具。

tr 3 虽然精神分析为我们解释人的行为动机和目的提供了一种非常有用的具，但其中大部分与人类行为的道德无关。

Tr 4（1）与X射线学一样，精神分析是一种颇有吸取力然而却是相对新的透视人内心世界的手段。但我们很少有人会拿一张祖父头部的X光片取代挂在客厅的肖像画。人的内心往往会呈现出另一幅景象，但未必是一幅更真实的景象。

Tr 4（2）（2 ）一个人也许不会永远就是他所显现的样子，然而他所显现的样子永远是真正的他的一个重要组成部。一个人是他全部行为的总和。只探索决定一个人行为的无意识因素，然后仅仅根据这些因素给他下结论而完全忽视其他外在行为，这比完全忽视他的无意识更有悖于事实。

(1) Profess (2) appraise (7) alternative Word list (8) prevalent (3) inner (9) Bearing on (4) unwittingly (10) illuminating (5) contribute (11) (6) rectify (12) exclusively substitute

exercise 1 1. I don’t profess … an expert in this subject A. have being B. to be C. had been D. be 2. good method is to … a student’s work A. appraise B. going to appraise C. have appraise 3. Now it’s … to satisfy the inner man /woman A. good B. well C. bad D. better 4. I’m sorry for my … interruption of your private conversation. A. intention B. unwitting C. in D. purpose 5 Morning exercises do … our good heath. A. good B. well C. move D. contribute to 6. The price of the holiday is exclusive … accommodation. A. on B. about C. of D. in

exercise 2 a mistake that cannot be … 7. This is A. rectify . B. put right C. put in D. rectifying 8. The … for translation is Gone With the Wind. B. version C. change D. alter A. alternative 9. What he said had not … bearing …the problem. A. many … on B. much …on C. much … in D. many …in 10. The setting sun … the river A. brighten 11. B. illuminates C. light D. give light We must substitute a new chair … the broken one. A. as B. to C. for D. with

key 1. B 5. D 9. B 2. A 6. C 10. B 3. D 7. B 11. C 4. B 8. A

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