Supporting Solid Science Jubilee Seminar Committee for Public

Supporting Solid Science Jubilee Seminar Committee for Public Information Finnish Advisory Board of Research Integrity Shared principles of responsible research and innovation Foundation for international collaboration Marja Makarow Academy of Finland 12. 9. 2012 House of Science and Letter 2 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

The Grand Challenges • Mankind and planet Earth are menaced by threats, ”Grand Challenges” • Such as lack of renewable energy sources, emerging infectious diseases, scarcity of food or clean water, aging population, poverty, mass migration, global warming • The impact of the GCs can be managed by research • Global problems require global solutions by global collaboration between local actors 3 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Thus, a new approach is needed • The GCs are all societal problems, and need systemic solutions By multi-level activities policy, strategy and implementation By multi-stakeholder collaboration public-private partnerships By multidisciplinary research humanities & social sciences with science & technology • Understanding global implications of man’s behavior needs understanding of social and cultural values, religions and beliefs, morals and prejudices • Socio-enonomic analyses needed to support evidence-tested political decisions • Intl collaboration needs coordination, alignement of tasks, division of labour, requires pooling of national and supranational resources 4 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Horizon 2020 Supranational thematic home for GC research • Horizon 2020 largely concentrating on GC themes and innovation (2014 -2020; up to 80 B€ suggested) • Proposed research themes: (Finnish ones in brackets) • • • Health, aging, well-being (Aging population and individuals) Food safety, sustainable agriculture, bioeconomy, oceans Safe, clean and efficient energy production (Sustainable energy) Smart environmentally friendly traffic Climate issues and raw materials (Northern climate and environment) Safe and innovative societies (A healthy everyday for all) (Dialogue of Cultures) (Knowledge and know-how in the media-society) Criteria: excellence, implementation potential, foreseen impact • Large multinational consortia to address GC themes, co-funded from national sources 5 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Prerequisite for global collaboration: Commmon understanding of ethical principles 6 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

International efforts addressing research integrity • 2000 ESF: Policy Briefing “Good Scientific Practice in research and scholarship” • 2003 All European Academies: “Memorandum on Scientific Integrity” • 2008 ESF: Survey Report: “Stewards of Integrity: Institutional approaches to promote and safeguard Good Research Practice in Europe” • 2009 OECD: Global Science Forum: “Investigating Research Misconduct. Allegations in International Collaborative Research Projects: a Practical Guide” • 2010 ESF Member Organisation Forum: “European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity” • 2010 2 nd World Conference on Research Integrity: “Singapore Statement on Research Integrity” 7 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity • • Applies all fields of science and humanities Focuses on standards of integrity while conducting research Stimulates creation of institutional settings that promote and safe-guard research integrity Sets standards across Europe that can eventually be applied world-wide Is canon for self regulation, not a set of laws • • • 8 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

The Code is embedded in Report “Fostering Research Integrity in Europe” • • • 9 Background and rationale European Co. C for Research Integrity Implementation and awareness Governance structures Recommendations for the future © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Principles for Research Integrity • Researchers, research institutes, universities, academies and funding organisations commit to principles of scientific integrity • • • Honesty Reliability Objectivity Impartiality Open communication Duty of care Fairness Responsibility for future science generations Employers have a responsibility to promote a culture of research integrity 10 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Forms of research misconduct Most serious forms • Fabrication • Falsifiction • Plagiarism New trends • Researchers: misdemeanours e. g. ‘adjustment’ of data, ‘cutting corners’, hiding ‘unwelcome’ observations • Institutions: improper dealing with infringements, e. g. attempts to cover up, insufficient protection of whistle-blowers, violation of due process • Politicians: production of copy-pasted Ph. D theses for career advancement, universities neglecting control 11 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Recommendations for good research practice • Proper research procedures Design, analysis, documentation, reporting, publicity • Responsible research procedures Respect for colleagues, safety, care for object of research • Data management Storage, access • Publication-related conduct Honesty, speed, authorship, conflict of interest • Reviewing/editorial issues Honesty, fairness, accuracy, confidentiality, conflict of interest 12 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Recommendations for collaborative research • Between individuals: Partners should agree to conduct research according to norms and standards defined in the Code of Conduct for Research Integrity • Inter-institutional: Alleged misconduct should be dealt with according to policies and procedures applicable in the country of the partner with primary responsibility, in line with the Code of Conduct for Research Integrity • Cross-border: Internationally funded researchers should sign agreement beforehand, e. g. standard plate text of the OECD Global Science Forum 13 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Next Steps • Harmonisation (as far as possible) of existing regulations and codes with the European Code of Conduct • Implementation by funding and performing organisations, academies, universities • Monitoring the implementation of the Code • Supporting international exchanges in European/global conferences • Promoting the Code as an instrumental element in debates on international collaborative research 14 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Summary of analysis of governance models • Agency-specific France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Poland, Spain, Switzerland • Agency-specific with national oversight Finland, Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden, UK • National Denmark, Norway, Poland 15 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Development of Code an all-European effort 28 major organisations in 20 countries participated • • • 16 Research funding organisations Research performing organisations Academies All European Academies (58 member academies) European University Association (>1000 member universities) © ACADEMY OF FINLAND

Research funding organisations Austria Belgium Switzerland Czech Republic Germany Denmark Finland Croatia Ireland Lithuania Luxembourg Norway Sweden Slovak Republic Turkey UK 17 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) Fund for Scientific Research (F. R. S. -FNRS) Swiss National Science Foundation Czech Science Foundation German Research Foundation (DFG) Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation Academy of Finland National Foundation for Science, Higher Education and Technological Development Health Research Board (HRB) Research Council of Lithuania National Research Fund Research Council of Norway Swedish Council for Working Life & Social Research Swedish Research Council Slovak Research and Development Agency Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)

Research performing organisations • France • • Germany Italy Lithuania Spain National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) Max Planck Society National Research Council (CNR) Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) Academies • • Switzerland Czech Republic Finland Netherlands 18 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Delegation of the Finnish Academies of Science and Letters Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)

New pact between Research, Policy, Industry, Media, Civil Society Researchers • Aim at highest level of originality and quality • Enter into global multi-disciplinary collaborations Policy makers and funding agencies • Ensure funding for free research, innovation and international collaboration Industry • Collaborate with academic researchers in spirit of open innovation Media • Inform citizens about advancement of science Citizens • Understand science and its importance for society Cross-cutting prerequisite for this pact • Mutual trust, based on integrity of all actors 19 © ACADEMY OF FINLAND