Summary
Summary • Bimodal optical & wireless networks – Goal of Internet & communications networks • Provide access to information when we need it, where we need it, and in whatever format we need it – Toward this end, optical & wireless networks play key role & can be viewed as quite complementary • Optical networks – Optical fiber does not go everywhere – Where it does go, it provides huge amount of bandwidth & exhibits advantageous transmission properties • Wireless networks – Potentially go almost everywhere & support mobility – Provide highly bandwidth-constrained transmission channel, susceptible to variety of impairments – Clearly, future communications will be bimodal
Summary • Historical review – Optical networks well suited to • Satisfy growing bandwidth demands • Provide transparency & reliability • Simplify network operation & management – Optical networks have evolved from point-to-point links to powerful all-optical WDM networks providing • Arbitrary topology • Transparency • Reconfigurability • Survivability • Scalability • Modularity
Summary • Historical review – Management & control of reconfigurable optical networks are of utmost importance to make them commercially viable • Management – TMN framework » Encompasses wide range of standards covering management issues commonly known as FCAPS model • Control – Control plane » Responsible to control data plane by ensuring that various forwarding techniques operate properly & efficiently in each single optical network » Guarantee interoperability among multiple optical networks of different vendors & operators
Summary • Big picture – Optical switching networks • All types of flexible, resilient, and reconfigurable optical networks using various multiplexing, tuning, and switching techniques • Can be found at each network infrastructure hierarchy level • Offer many different switching granularities – – Fiber Waveband Wavelength Subwavelength (time slot, burst, packet, cell, frame) • Control plane typically operates at data link or network layer, with particular focus on IP-centric control planes
Summary • Big picture – IP-centric control planes • Extended routing & signaling protocols used to set up, modify, and release lightpaths dynamically => interlayer networking between electrical & optical layers – Also useful to address other issues such as security & grooming which are best done in electrical domain – Optical switching networks limited to islands of transparency exploiting respective strengths of optical & electronic technologies to reduce costs & improve performance – Future research on optical switching networks expected to shift to design of adaptive service shell for value creation, revenue growth, and realization of novel business strategies
Summary • Further reading – Books with general overview • Optical Switching, by T. S. El-Bawab (Editor), Springer, 2006 • Optical WDM Networks, by B. Mukherjee, Springer, 2006 • IP over WDM: Building the Next Generation Optical Internet, by S. S. Dixit (Editor), Wiley, 2003 • Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective (Second Edition), by R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Morgan Kaufmann, 2002 • Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability, by H. T. Mouftah and P. -H. Ho, Springer, 2002 • Next Generation Optical Networks: The Convergence of IP Intelligence and Optical Technologies, by P. Tomsu and C. Schmutzer, Prentice Hall, 2001 • Optical WDM Networks: Principles and Practice, by K. M. Sivalingam and S. Subramaniam (Editors), Springer, 2000
Summary • Further reading – Books with general overview • Multiwavelength Optical Networks: A Layered Approach, by T. E. Stern and K. Bala, Prentice Hall, 1999 • Wavelength Division Multiple Access Optical Networks, by A. Borella, F. Chiaraluce, and G. Cancellieri, Artech House, 1998
Summary • Further reading – Books on selected topics • Fiber to the Home: The New Empowerment, by P. E. Green, Wiley, 2006 • Path Routing in Mesh Optical Networks, by E. Bouillet, G. Ellinas, J. -F. Labourdette, and R. Ramamurthy, Wiley, 2006 • Survivability and Traffic Grooming in WDM Optical Networks, by A. K. Somani, Cambridge University Press, 2006 • GMPLS: Architecture and Applications, by A. Farrel and I. Bryskin, Morgan-Kaufmann, 2005 • Ethernet Passive Optical Networks, by G. Kramer, Mc. Graw. Hill, 2005 • Optical Burst Switched Networks, by J. P. Jue and V. M. Vokkarane, Springer, 2004 • Network Recovery: Protection and Restoration of Optical, SONET-SDH, IP, and MPLS, by J. -P. Vasseur, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004
Summary • Further reading – Books on selected topics • Metropolitan Area WDM Networks: An AWG-Based Approach, by M. Maier, Springer, 2003 • Optical Network Control: Architecture, Protocols, and Standards, by G. Bernstein, B. Rajagopalan, and D. Saha, Addison-Wesley, 2003 • WDM Mesh Networks: Management and Survivability, by H. Zang, Springer, 2002 • Gigabit Ethernet for Metro Area Networks, by P. Bedell, Mc. Graw-Hill, 2002 • Photonic Slot Routing in Optical Transport Networks, by G. Wedzinga, Springer, 2002 • Radio over Fiber Technologies for Mobile Communications Networks, by H. Al-Raweshidy and S. Komaki (Editors), Artech House, 2002 • SONET (Second Edition), by W. J. Goralski, Mc. Graw-Hill, 2000
Summary • Further reading – Books on selected topics • Understanding SONET/SDH and ATM: Communications Networks for the Next Millenium, by S. V. Kartalopoulos, IEEE Press, 1999
Summary • Further reading – Journals • IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology • IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Optical Communications and Networking Series • OSA Journal of Optical Networking • Optical Switching and Networking • Photonic Network Communications • OSA Journal of Optical Technology • IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking • IEEE Transactions on Communications • IEICE Transactions on Communications • IET Optoelectronics • IEEE Photonics Technology Letters • OSA Applied Optics
Summary • Further reading – Journals • • OSA Optics Letters OSA Optics Express IET Electronics Letters IEEE Communication Letters
Summary • Further reading – Magazines • IEEE Communications Magazine - Optical Communications Supplement • IEEE Network • IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Summary • Further reading – Web links • • • http: //www. lightreading. com/ http: //www. fiberopticsonline. com/ http: //fibers. org/ http: //optics. org/ http: //www. eetimes. com/ http: //www. convergedigest. com/ http: //www. electronics-manufacturers. com/ http: //www. allbusiness. com/ http: //www. freshpatents. com/ http: //www. wired. com/ http: //citeseer. ist. psu. edu/ http: //www. iec. org/
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