Summary of what we covered so far do u

Summary of what we covered so far…do u remember? § http: //concise. britannica. com/ebc/art 83456

Cavalry charge by Ottoman army in Sinai

Chp 4: External Events that Affected Singapore § You will learn about: (see pg 51, 59 -66) § 1. What are external events? § 2. How external events affected Singapore? • 2. 1 World War 1 • 2. 2 Great Depression § How to classify effects into areas? economic, social and political areas

4. 1 What are external events? § Events that happened outside of a country § What were some of the external events that affected Singapore in its early history? • 4. 1. 1 World War 1 • 4. 1. 2 The Great Depression

TOTAL: 8, 364, 712

4. 2. 1 World War 1 § When? 1914 § Where? Europe § Why did it start? • Causes: • Control of power in Europe (Long-term) • Murder of Austrian Archduke (Short-term, Immediate)

Control of power in Europe • Industrial Revolution --> • Britain became one of the strongest powers by beginning of the 20 th century (19…) § Largest empire - British traders in many parts of the world § Other European countries wanted to be more powerful and richer § Tried to control smaller countries § Built power by expanding armies and navies

Control of power in Europe • European countries more fearful of each other • What fear? War and control • Need to have friends - allies • Why? Support them in troubled times • 2 groups formed § Central Powers - Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary § Allies/Allied Powers - Britain, France and Russia

Murder of Austrian Archduke § Immediate cause • Situation in Europe very tense • Rivalries, build-up of weapons and armies - war could break out at any time • Needed a spark - murder of Austrian Archduke § European countries took sides in the war § Start of World War 1 - Central Powers vs Allies

Serbia wanted to break away from Austro. Hungry and be an independent country.

• Assassination of Austrian Archduke

Effects on Singapore § Rush for food (economic) § Why? • • When war broke out ->Frantic rush to buy food What would happen to prices? -> huge increase in price of goods (eg rice and milk) § How solved- prices decreased? • Adequate (Enough) supplies of staples (eg rice) • Government stepped in to ensure enough food for people

Effects on Singapore § Trade (economic) § Why? • Presence of German warship in the East Sep 1914 § the Emden § What effects? • Endangered trade between Singapore and Europe • Attacking British trading ships in Indian Ocean § How solved? • Destroyed by Australian warship in Nov 1914

Effects on Singapore § Mutiny of Indian Troops in Singapore (political) • What is a mutiny? § Taking over power from person in charge without approval • Why started? § British ordered Indian sepoys staationed in Singapore to go to Hong Kong § Rumour they will be sent to fight in Turkey (Muslim country) § Against fighting muslims

Effects on Singapore § Mutiny of Indian Troops in Singapore • How it started? § Sepoys seized Alexandra Barracks and released German prisoners § Formed small groups § Roamed town killing any Europeans they met § Mutiny stopped after 10 days • Why failed? § No local support

4. 2. 2 The Great Depression § What is it? • General decrease of business activities with many people unemployed (without jobs) § When? • 1930 s § Where it started? § Started in America and spread to the rest of the world § Many factories, shops and banks closed down § Millions lost jobs and suffered great hardship

4. 2. 2 The Great Depression § Effects on Singapore • Decrease in trade and business (economic) • Why affected? § Depended on trade with other countries rubber and tin § America and Europe -biggest buyers - bought less § Prices fell sharply § Singapore businesses had less trade - less profit § Retrench workers, closed down, bankruptcy

Trade of Singapore 1920 -1930 Year 1920 Singapore’s Total Trade with West (S$m) 608. 4 1925 659. 3 1930 282. 9 How can we describe the trade figures?

Trade of Singapore 1920 -1930 Year 1920 Singapore’s Total Trade with West (S$m) 608. 4 1925 659. 3 1930 282. 9 How can we describe the trade figures? The trade rose/increased between the years 1920 and 1925 but fell/decreased between the years 1925 to 1930

4. 2. 2 The Great Depression § Effects on Singapore • Unemployment and Hardship (economic and social) • Difficult to find jobs • Why? Businesses failed - cut down employees or bankrupt

4. 2. 2 The Great Depression § How the government tried to solve it? • Restriction on immigration § Passed a law in 1930 - to limit number of immigrants coming to Singapore - Quotas • Arrangements for unemployed to return to their homeland - China and India § Example: § 1930 - 242, 000 § 1933 - 28, 000