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Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 EXPLORATION 1 Chapter 9 Ethernet Zhamanov Azamat
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: • Describe the evolution of Ethernet • Explain the fields of the Ethernet Frame • Describe the function and characteristics of the media access control method used by Ethernet protocol • Describe the Physical and Data Link layer features of Ethernet • Compare and contrast Ethernet hubs and switches • Explain the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 History of Ethernet • The first Ethernet standard was published in 1980 by a consortium of Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, and Xerox (DIX). • Metcalfe wanted Ethernet to be a shared standard from which everyone could benefit, and therefore it was released as an open standard. • The first products that were developed from the Ethernet standard were sold in the early 1980 s.
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 History of Ethernet • In 1985, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards committee for Local and Metropolitan Networks published standards for LANs. • These standards start with the number 802. • The standard for Ethernet is 802. 3.
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Ethernet – Standards and Implementation
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Early Ethernet Media and Topology
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Hub Based Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Based Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 MAC Address Structure
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Identify MAC Address
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Difference Between IP and MAC Addresses
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 CSMA/CD
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 CSMA/CD
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Hubs and Collision Domains The connected devices that access a common media via a hub or series of directly connected hubs make up what is known as a collision domain
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Ethernet Timing • An Ethernet frame takes a measurable time to travel from the sending device to the receiver. • Each intermediary device contributes to the overall latency.
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Bit Time • For each different media speed, a period of time is required for a bit to be placed and sensed on the media. • This period of time is referred as the bit time.
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Bit Time
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Slot time • Is the time it takes for an electronic pulse to travel the length of the maximum theoretical distance between two nodes. • It is also the time that a transmitting station waits before attempting to retransmit following a collision.
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Bit and Slot times
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Interframe Spacing
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Types of Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 10 and 100 Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Hub Based Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Based Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Based Ethernet
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch – Selective Forwarding
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations • Learning • Aging • Flooding • Selective Forwarding • Filtering
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Switch Operations
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Aging • Every MAC Addresses is stored in Switch’s MAC Address table for predefined time, after time expires MAC Address is deleted from table.
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 ARP PROCESS
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 ARP • ?
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 ARP - Address Resolution Protocol • Resolving IPv 4 addresses to MAC addresses • Maintaining a cache of mappings
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Resolving IPv 4 addresses to MAC addresses • Inside Local Network Communication • Outside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Inside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Inside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Inside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Inside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Inside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Inside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 OUTSIDE LOCAL NETWORK COMMUNICATION
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Outside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Outside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Outside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Outside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Outside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Outside Local Network Communication
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Proxy ARP Router can make ARP request to outside network, This is called Proxy ARP
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Removing ARP For example, some Windows operating systems store ARP cache entries for 2 minutes. If the entry is used again during that time, the ARP timer for that entry is extended to 10 minutes.
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 ARP Issues
Suleyman Demirel University, 2012 Q/A