Substance use problems in a multicultural Scotland - Zosia Wierbowicz presentation 26 July 2007
KLEMENTYNA SOBIESKA
n n KLEMENTYNA SOBIESKA Maria Clementina Sobieska (in Polish: Maria Klementyna Sobieska) 1702 -1735 ) was a Polish ( 1702 princess who was born on. July 18, 1702 in Poland, the daughter of Poland's Crown Prince James Louis Henry Sobieski (1667 -1737 ), and Hedwig Elisabeth , Amelia de Baviere Pfalz-Neuburg(1673 -1722 ). , Maria Clementina and James Stuart were formally married on September 3, 1719 at Montefiascone Italy , in the Cathedral of Santa Margherita. Following their marriage, James and Maria Clementina were invited to reside in Rome at the special request of. Pope Clement XI, who acknowledged them as the (Catholic) King and Queen of Britain.
KLEMENTYNA SOBIESKA The Pope provided them with a papal guard of troops, gave them the Palazzo Muti in the Piazza dei Santi Apostoli in Rome to live in, plus a country villa at Albano. The Catholic Church also provided them with an annual allowance of 12, 000 crowns out of the papal treasury. Maria Clementina and James Stuart had two sons: Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart (1720 -1788), aka "Bonnie Prince Charlie" Henry Benedict Stuart (1725 -1807)
KLEMENTYNA’S SON Charles Edward Stuart (1720 - 88) «Bonnie Prince Charlie» , The Young Pretender, was born and educated in Rome. With French support he made his first expedition to Scotland in 1745. Joined by Mac. Donald clansmen, he took Edinburgh and defeated government forces at the battle of Prestonpans in September. Within weeks, The Bonnie Prince started his invasion of England. But defeat was inevitable and by April 1746 he had become a hunted man with a price of £ 30'000 on his head. He fled to France. The prince had to leave France in 1748 and for ten years he wandered around Europe in various disguises. In 1766 he married Princess Louise de Stolberg in Rome but the marriage was dissolved in 1772. «Bonnie Prince Charlie» died in Rome in 1788.
MIKOŁAJ KOPERNIK
FAMOUS POLES Nicolaus Copernicus MIKOŁAJ KOPERNIK l His hometown was Toruń, . Born. February 19, 1473, Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Poland. Died. May 24, 1543, Frombork (Frauenburg), Warmia, Poland- Mathematician, astronomer, jurist, physician, classical scholar, Catholic cleric, governor, administrator, military commander, diplomat, economist. Alma mater. Kraków University, Bologna University, Padua University, Ferrara University. Known forfirst modern formulation of a heliocentric theory of the solar system –that is that the earth rotates around the sun. Religion. Roman Catholic.
FREDERIC CHOPIN
FREDERYK SZOPEN l l Frédéric Chopin FREDERYK SZOPEN The only known photograph of Frédéric Chopin, believed to have been taken by Louis-Auguste Bisson in 1849. (It is commonly mistaken for a daguerreotype. ) Frédéric Chopin (Polish: Fryderyk Franciszek Szopen; French: Frédéric François Polish piano composer of the Romantic period. He is widely regarded as one of the most famous, influential, and prolific composers for piano of all time. Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa Wola, Duchy of Warsaw, to a Polish mother and French-expatriate father. Hailed in his homeland as a child prodigy, at age twenty Chopin left for Paris. There he made a career as performer, teacher and composer, and adopted the French version of his given names, "Frédéric-François. " From 1837 to 1847 he had a turbulent relationship with the French writer George Sand (Aurore Dudevant). Always in frail health, at 39 he succumbed to pulmonary tuberculosis
FREDERYK SZOPEN l All of Chopin's extant work includes the piano in some role (predominantly as a solo instrument), and his compositions are widely considered to be among the pinnacles of the piano's repertoire. Although his music is among the most technically demanding for the instrument, Chopin's style emphasizes nuance and expressive depth rather than mere technical display. He invented some musical forms, such as the ballade, [3] but his most significant innovations were within existing structures such as the piano sonata, waltz, nocturne, étude, and prelude. His works are often cited as being among the mainstays of Romanticism in 19 th-century classical music. Additionally, Chopin was the first western classical composer to imbue Slavic elements into his music; to this day his mazurkas and polonaises are the cornerstone of Polish nationalistic classical music.
ADAM MICKIEWICZ l Adam Bernard Mickiewicz December 24, 1798 – November 26, 1855) is one of the bestknown Polish poets and writers, considered the greatest Polish Romantic poet of the 19 th century, alongside Zygmunt Krasiński and Juliusz Słowacki (the Three Bards).
MARIE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA l l Born November 7, 1867 Warsaw, Poland. Died. July 4, 1934 (aged 66)e. Nationality. Polish, French Field. Physics and Chemistry- Sorbonne Known for discovery of Radium and Radioactivity Nobel Prize for Physics (1903) Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1911)The only person to win two Nobel Prizes in different science fields. Married Pierre Curie (1895); their children were Irène Joliot-Curie and Ève Curie.
ANDRZEJ WAJDA l l One of Poland’s most prominent film directors –well known for his graphic portraits of Pokand’s struggles against oppression His many films include “Kanal”, ” Ashes and Diamonds”, “Generations
ROMAN POLAŃSKI l l l One of the great modern film directors Well known for fils such as Rosemary’s Baby “ , “The Vampires “ and more recently “The Pianist” Provocative and passionate , now lives in France.
The WACHOWSKIS l Lawrence and Andrew Wachowski – born in Chicago, US, of Polish descent have directed such films as l l l The Matrix trilogy V for Vendetta Assassins
EXPLORER Marek Kaminski (born 1964) - traveller, in 1995 he was the first person to reach both poles: the North Pole on 23 rd May 1995 and the South Pole on 27 Dec. 1995. Earlier, preparing for this feat he walked to Spitsbergen (400 km) and Greenland’s glaciers (600 km).
SPORTSMAN l Robert Korzeniowski (born 1968) - athlete. Twice Olympic 50 km walking champion, in 1996 and 2000, and 20 km champion in 2000. Twice world 50 km walking champion (1997, 2001). A Council of Europe ambassador for tolerance and fair play.
LECH WAŁĘSA Born on September 29, 1943 in Popowo, Poland) is a Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. He co-founded Solidarity Solidarnosć the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995 (succeeded by Aleksander Kwaśniewski).
POPE JOHN PAUL 2 l Birth name Karol Józef Wojtyła Papacy began October 161978 Papacy ended April 2, 2005 Born May 18, 1920) Wadowice, Served as a Priest in Kraków during the war Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
BEAUTIFUL POLAND A beautiful country with mountains, rivers, lakes and forests and miles of rich pastureland
POLISH SCOTTISH
WHY DO SO MANY POLES COME TO THIS COUNTRY ? l l l Poland was once a very wealthy country. She has huge natural mineral deposits. Vast quantities of salt deposits, and lead crystal. There once were gold and still are silver mines. Amber is found near the Baltic Sea in large quantities There also huge coal deposits , and acres of forests. Now, Poland ravaged and systematically destrpyed by two World wars, through the efforts of Russia, Nazi Germany, Stalin and the enforcement of communism she isa poor and relatively undeveloped nation. It is diffucult to earn a viable wage there, even now. Communism has left a tide of corruption and greed in its wake, while keeping all cultural developments and advances within the boundaries of the old USSR Perhaps that is why so many Poles are nature-lovers – that was always free!That is also why they come here.
Why do Poles come to Scotland ? l l l Why are so many Poles coming to Inverness ? And to Scotland ? Because the Scottish Executive is still advertising on a huge scale throughout Poland encouraging Poles to make a better life for themselves here. Polish logic says “If the Government of Scotland is offering this , then why not grasp the opportunity with both hands ? “ Photos of Inverness-shire attract many as the scenery is similar to that of Poland , and the people are welcoming. Inverness is reputedly the fastest –growing city in Europe – thus there must be jobs and accommodation. Although we don’t have accurate figures , it is accepted that there are in the region of 9, 000 Poles in Inverness alone at the moment , The number increases by about 1 -200 every month.
PROBLEMS FACING IMMIGRANT POLES The main problems facing the Poles on arrival here can be divided into 4 main areas. : l Lack of sufficient language skills to make themselves clearly understood l Lack of accommodation l Lack of suitable employment l Cultural differences
EDUCATION l l There a great many children in both Primary and Secondary schools in Inverness for whom English is not their native language. These children are having considerable difficulty in grasping curricular subject matter , when they do not understand the language. This is especially true of senior pupils who are struggling to take Highers and those sitting Standard Grades. Polish pupils are keen to learn English is taught in Polish schools but with methods which are outdated. The standard achieved by many adults after 6 years of English in Poland , leaves them able to understand some written English, but unable to make themselves understood when spoken. English classes are held all over Inverness. Some are run by the college and over-subscribed, as are those in the Spectrum Centre. Others are run by well-meaning Church-based groups , not always led by a teacher. The standards vary enormously , leaving many Poles dissatisfied as they feel the classes do not match either their abilities or their needs. I have made repeated requests to Highland Council to monitor the classes on offer and co-ordinate the provision of English language. Certificate courses can be offered to the more able Poles. while noncertificate “Everyday English” made available for others.
HEALTH AND WELFARE l l Many Poles (probably about 2500) are not registered with a doctor as they are too embarrassed to discuss their illnesses and problems through an interpreter. Many self-medicate , because of lack of language and communication barriers , and they feel that they (Poles ) are treated with derision as second-class citizens, and members of our Association consist of a consultant gynaecologist, a consultant psychiatrist, two senior doctors, an intensive –care nurse working as a cleaner, fitness trainers working as fish-processors, . An Accountant who is “too-highly –qualified” to be employed in Accountancy , and works in a restaurant. An Editor of a Polish newspaper (working towards her Ph. D) who works in a shop and as a cleaner. Skilled and qualified joiners ; engineers who work as gardeners or fish-processors. , plumbers and builders who owned their businesses in Poland who work as kitchen porters or cleaners in supermarkets.
Housing and Employment l l A number of recruitment agencies send buses into outlying towns and villages in Poland on payment of £ 300 -£ 600 the people , mostly unskilled workers , come over here and work in the various factories. The payment is to “give them a job”. Every 2/3 weeks buses come over bringing 100 -200 people from Poland to Inverness. The working conditions are often difficult and unsatisfactory and the Poles fearful to complain , as they fear dismissal. Certain less scrupulous employers present difficulties in Home Office Registration , paying the minimum wage , claiming wages due to the workers have to be reduced to pay for accommodation. The employment contracts , if they exist, specify otherwise. Common practice appears to be the retention of passports “for a while” of newly-arrived Poles. One of the major problems in factory employment are that workers can be laid off with very little notice. Frequently this means they lose their accommodation as well and this creates a new set of problems.
ACCOMMODATION l l l l Finding accommodation of any sort is extremely difficult for a Pole who has a limited command of the language. Quite a large number of the Poles come hoping that at least the Council will direct them to accommodation. This again arises from the Executive’s campaign. We get countless pleas for somewhere to stay even for a few weeks, till they settle down and can find somewhere for themselves. Many Poles become victims of unscrupulous landlords who charge high rents for accommodation. eg 1 £ 340 per month (excluding Council tax, gas, electricity , water ) for one room , kitchen and bathroom –for a couple with two babies. eg 2 A hostel in the town centre charges £ 65 per week , but there are three others already in the same room, with one bathroom and one kitchen shared between 20 -30 people. eg 3 One landlord charges £ 35 per week for “floor space “ –ie you sleep on the floor eg 4 £ 600 per month for a holiday chalet (excluding Council tax, gas, electricity, water) for three rooms shared between 5 people and a baby.
DIFFICULTIES l l Discrimination is becoming common, where landlords will not rent to Poles as they fear that there may be further sub letting. This behaviour affects the Poles who are genuinely seeking decent accommodation. A number that I know personally have submitted housing applications have been waiting for accommodation for a long time despite difficult overcrowded conditions and with no hope of a place, because of the already –difficult housing situation in Inverness , which existed before they came here. A large proportion of newly-arrived Poles have problems obtaining their Home Office registration and due to the internal reorganisation of Job Centre plus, similar difficulties in obtaining National Insurance numbers. As a result they become “illegal workers” and not eligible for Child Benefit for their children here. Some employers are slow to go through the process of organising HO registration, particularly if the workers are likely to be dissatisfied with the employers’ working conditions and thus likely to leave.
POLAND TODAY l l For many Poles in Poland the options are very limited; . the unemployment in Poland is still at 30%. No matter how well qualified a person is the salaries remain low, and luxuries are virtually unobtainable for an average employee. The average minimum wage (based on calculations in 2003 ) in Poland is 37. 4 % lower than here –i. e. at 201 euros per month. Despite what rumours may say , the Poles are not here to seek state handouts , or to deprive others of work. They are hard –working ambitious and independent – minded. They simply want to work towards a better future for themselves and their families. No matter how well-qualified and trained you are in Poland, the maximum amount you can earn is still too low to enable you to buy luxuries such as your own home, satellite TV or a combine-harvester –if you are a farmer !
Inverness Polish Association Office: Albyn House 37 A Union Street Inverness IV 1 1 QA Chairman Mrs. Zosia Wierzbowicz-Fraser 01463 223223
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