Subjunctive Mood
Mood is a grammatical category which indicates the attitude of the speaker towards the action expressed by the verb from the point of view of its reality.
Moods in the English Language v the Indicative Mood I do a lot of travelling, you know. v the Imperative Mood Please, help me! v the Subjunctive Mood Oh, if I were free now!
The Subjunctive Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a non-fact, as something imaginary or desired. The Subjunctive Mood has no tense forms to denote time relations. Its forms indicate only whether an action is thought of as prior or not to the moment of speech.
The Subjunctive Mood is generally used in conditional sentences to express an unreal situation and an unreal result. Conditional sentences the if-clause the main clause
I if I do X, Y will be the result II if I did X, Y would be the result TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES III if I had done X, Y would have been the result Mixed
Conditional 1 the "real" conditional as it is used for real or possible situations if-clause present simple main clause , future simple If it rains, we will stay at home. He will arrive late if he doesn’t hurry up. He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
Conditional 2 the "unreal" conditional as it is used for unreal - impossible or improbable – situations; it provides an imaginary result for a given situation if-clause past simple main clause , would + infinitive If he studied more, he would pass the exam. They would buy a new house if they had more money.
The verb 'to be', when used in the 2 nd conditional, is always conjugated as 'were'. If I were you, I would follow his advice. He would do it for her if it were possible. If it were not for the storm, we would arrive on time.
Conditional 3 the "past" conditional as it concerns only past situations with hypothetical results if-clause past perfect main clause , would + perfect infinitive If he had known that, he would have decided differently. Jane would have found a new job if she had stayed in Boston.
Mixed Conditional v unreal past situations with hypothetical present or future results If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now. v unreal situations referring to no particular time with hypothetical results referring to the past If she were not so absent-minded, she would not have lost the way.
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