Subject Performer Nouns

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• Subject = Performer – Nouns – Pronouns • Verb = Action – Action vs. Linking – Main verb vs. Helping verb

• Person, place, thing OR idea – – Janitor, teacher, son, daughter classroom, school, office Desk, car, fence Fear, courage, happiness • Could be introduced with a, an, the • Common – House, desk, daughter, family • Proper – John, Susan, Salt Lake, The Olive Garden

• Takes the place of a noun • Personal pronouns – I, me, my, mine, your, yours, he, him, his • Indefinite pronouns – Some, one, all, each, many, everyone, somebody • Reflexive/Intensive pronouns – Myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves • Relative pronouns – Who, whom, whose, that, which, those, this, these • Interrogative pronouns – Who, whom, whose, which, what

• Action verb (shows action) – Shane ran to the store • Linking verb (links subject to another word) – Helen is a woman of integrity. • Main verb – The action (walks, writes, ran, sang) • Helping verb – Helps the main verb (is, has, may, can, could)

Main verb vs. Helping verb • Anna had thirty pairs of shoes. – “had”, in this case, is the Main Verb (MV) • Thomas had thought about the problem for years. – “had” is the helping verb (HV) and “thought” is the Main Verb (MV)

Verb Tense • Present Tense – I walk, you walk, he walks, she walks, we walk • Past Tense – I walked, you walked, he walked, we walked • Future Tense – I will walk, you will walk, he will walk, we will walk

Main Verb vs. Helping Verb • She did well on her chemistry quiz. – “did”, in this case, is the MAIN VERB (MV) • Bob did go to the game after all. – “did” is the HELPING VERB (HV) and “go” is the MAIN VERB (MV)

Verbals • Infinitive – Main form of the verb • To run, to sleep, to draw, to ski • I hope to pass my drivers test this time. • Present participle – “ing” verb without helping verb – Used as an adjective – Running, flying, being • The people picking potatoes ignored Vincent. • Standing on third base, Barry could not believe his luck. • Gerund – “ing” verb used as a noun • Running in the marathon is a dream of mine. • Sweatin’ to the oldies is helping Suzie lose weight.

Multiples • Multiple subjects – Fred and Mary pet the dog. – Batman and Wolverine kicked butt. – The boys and girls did their school work. • Multiple verbs – Mary fed the dog and pet the cat. – Superman and Wolverine kicked butt and took names.

Special Situations • Subject understood – In a command – Shut the door. – Get these papers filed before I get back. • Verb before subject – Is your mother home? – There is a bug in my soup. – Over the hill rode the cavalry.

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