Subject "Organization of tourism (Organization of tourism travel) Department of Tourism Teacher - Ph. D. , Associate Professor Stryzhak Elena Olegovna
Theme 1. Terms of establishment and operation of tourism enterprises ¢ ¢ ¢ 1. The concept and characteristics of tourism 2. Tourism enterprise 3. Tour operator and travel agency activities
Tourism is a temporary person’s departure from their residence in the health, educational, professional and business or other purposes without the implementation of paid work in a place where a person goes. Recreation is an expanded reproduction of the physical, intellectual and emotional powers of man (also seen as an array of time during which the restoration of the productive forces of human are happening). Travel is a movement of people in space and time, and the person who makes travel, regardless of the purpose, direction, means of transportation and periods of time, is called a traveler.
The following trips are not traveling: ¢ ¢ ¢ movement of crew members of ships, trains, aircraft, and etc. ; persons who are traveling between regions, countries in order to work; persons who are traveling for the purpose of learning. Tourism (unlike travel) is a special, mass kind of travel and activities for the organization and implementation of trips.
Features of tourism. 1. The movement of people in a short period of time (only a person who makes long travels). 2. Tourism provides people leaving their places of permanent residence in another area or a country. Movement within the area of residence is not relevant to tourism (for example daily trip to work). 3. Way of rest (professional and business tourism is an exception because its members often make trips as professionals on a business trip). 4. Availability of the target. The purpose allows clear identify types of activities that relate to tourism and are covered by preferential customs, tax and other modes, which are set by the government exclusively for tourism (tourism purpose: entertainment, recreation, sightseeing, guest, etc. ). 5. Tourism is an important component of the economy of many countries, which provides employment for the local population, loading of hotels, restaurants, entertainment, foreign exchange earnings and others. ¢ ¢ ¢
Tourism enterprise - is an independent business entity that has legal personality and provides commercial and research activities with a view to profit. Functions of tourism enterprises: ¢ 1) organizational - acquisition, provision and realization of the complex tourism product (the formation of complex routes for tourist groups and tourists-individuals on the basis of agreements between enterprises of the tourism industry); ¢ 2) mediation - acquisition and sale goods and services of tourist destination on behalf of companies-suppliers of travel services; ¢ 3) trading and banking - currency exchange operations, insurance of property, life and health of tourists.
Background of the tourism enterprises ¢ ¢ ¢ 1) increase of labor productivity as a result of scientific and technical progress, shorter working and an increase free time; 2) legislative introduction of paid holidays in many European countries in the first half of XX century; 3) increase of individual incomes, which is the result of changes in the structure of demand consumption (needs for rest and recreation appeared); 4) development of vehicles (first railway and shipping, and later - auto and air transport) for short and long travel for the purpose of recreation, etc. ; 5) urbanization processes, which led to increase of the urban population and the negative impact of the urban environment on mental and physical health.
The main steps of creating a tourism enterprise: ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ 1) choice of the legal form; 2) compilation a protocol of intentions of participants (founders); 3) drafting constituent documents; 4) conduct a constituent assembly; 5) preparation of constituent documents for registration; 6) the legal registration of the enterprise; 7) registration in tax, statistical offices, pension funds, social insurance funds and other institutions; 8) organizational procedures for opening accounts in banks, production of stamp and firm forms.
Subjects of tourism activities: ¢ 1) tour operators - legal entities established according to the laws of Ukraine, whose sole activity is to organize and ensure the creation of the tourism product, implementation and provision of travel services and intermediary activities to provide specific and related services and that are licensed to the tour operator activities in the established order. The tour operator is a kind of wholesale company whose products are sold through a network of retail travel agencies. ¢ 2) travel agents - legal entities established according to the laws of Ukraine and physical persons also – subjects of entrepreneurial activity, who carry out mediation activities for the implementation of the tourism product of tour operators and travel services of other tourism stakeholders and brokering activities for the implementation of specific and related services;
Subjects of tourism activities: ¢ 3) other subjects of entrepreneurial activity, that provide services for temporary accommodation, meals, sightseeing, entertainment and other tourist services; ¢ 4) interpreters, guides, sports instructors and other specialists of travel escorts –physical persons which carry out activities related to tourism accompaniment except persons who work at the respective positions of enterprises, institutions, organizations that own facilities or which serve objects of the visit; ¢ 5) physical persons who are not subjects of entrepreneurial activity and provide services for temporary accommodation, meals and like.
Tour operator - tourism enterprise, which develops of tourist routes and package tours; ensures their functioning, organizes advertising; calculates prices for tours on these routes according to current regulations and approves them in the established order; sells tours to travel agents for the production and sale of vouchers of their licenses. By place of activities tour operators are: ¢ 1) local (internal) operators - oriented travel packages appointment within the country of origin; ¢ 2) exit operators - oriented tour packages to foreign countries; ¢ 3) operators on reception – based in the place of destination (in the destination country) and serve foreign tourists who arrive.
By kind of activities tour operators are: ¢ 1) The operators of the mass market - sell a lot of tour packages, which are often used charter flights to destinations of mass tourism (the most common). ¢ 2) Specialized operators - specialize in a particular product or market segment (country, type of tourism, and so on) and they are divided into tour operators: l l l a) special interest (sports and adventure tourism, organizing safari in Africa, and others); b) special destinations (Britain, France and so on); c) specific clientele (youth, business tours, family tours and so on); d) special placements (holiday homes, hostel and so on); d) that use a specific type of transport (sea, rail, air, auto transport).
By regional activity lines tour operators are: ¢ 1) The initiative tour operators - operators which send tourists abroad or in other regions, in agreement with receiving (receptive) operators or directly with service providers. l ¢ They are different from tourist agencies that are engaged exclusively in the sale of stranger’s tours. Initiative tour operators engaged in a tourism product that consists (according to UNWTO standards) of at least three services: accommodation, transportation and any other tourist services not related with the first two. Classic initiative tour operator forms a complex route tours, complementing their services from local tour operators in different places visits (route), provides transportation to the place of beginning of the trip and back, arrange for the provision of transport within the route. 2) Internal (receptive) tour operators - tour operators on reception which complete tours and service programs in place of reception and service of tourists using direct contracts with service providers (hotels, catering enterprises, leisure and entertaining establishments, and so on). This is a pure form of tour operating.
Travel agent - intermediary organization, which sells formed by tour operator tours and individual travel services (transport, sightseeing and others). The basic functions of travel agencies are providing tourist services, providing information to the client, providing advice on travel destination and travel arrangements. ¢ The travel agent receives a commission for its activities (7 -15% of the tour price). ¢ The travel agent gets tours from tour operator and sells them to the consumer. The travel agent adds to gaining tourists travel from their place of residence to the first route point placement, the last point on the route of accommodation and back.
Pic. 1. Scheme of tourist services promotion Transportation Accommodation Services Tour operators Direct Sales for the commission Travel agents Sales of services and tourism product Sales organization for the commission Consumers
The main differences between tour operator and travel agent: ¢ 1. By income system: l ¢ Tour operator buys some tourist product, and its profit is generated from the difference between the purchase price and the selling price; often tour operator sold some services separately from which then it forms a complex tourist product with its pricing mechanism. At the same time the travel agent is acting as retailer, and its profits derived from commissions for selling of another tourism product; a travel agent sells tourist product (and often individual services such as airline tickets, hotel rooms) at reasonable prices of tour operators or service providers. 2. By tourist product affiliations: l Tour operator has a supply of tourist product for sale always, but a travel agent requests a certain product (service) only when the client expresses consumer interest.
Скачать презентацию Subject Organization of tourism Organization of tourism travel
Тема 1_англ.ppt