Subject Labor activity of the person 1 2

Subject: Labor activity of the person. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Plan. Elements of labor activity. Health diagnostics. System assessment of a condition of the working person. Monitoring of a condition of the working person. Not medicinal rehabilitation.

Elements of labor activity 1. Types of work (intellectual and physical). Division is conditional as any physical work includes mental work, and intellectual a certain muscular activity. Physical work includes dynamic and statistical work. Statistical work is connected with isometric reduction of muscles at constant loadings. Brainwork includes emotional and cogitative components.

2. Factors of labor process: - motivation to work; - in the same way repeating activity; - the compelled working pose; - raised load of sight; - monotonian Period; - Gipokineziya; - psychoemotional pressure;

► Motivation role. Success of work in many respects is defined by initial motivation. It depends on moral and material remuneration for work, on participation in the end result of work, professional qualification and degree of emotional satisfaction work.

Programming of labor activity - happens on a basis preliminary training. public and individual experience of the worker. A certain program (an acceptor of result of activity is formed at the beginning of work. Results, and also the factors promoting or interfering result are thus programmed. Results of work (feedback) are compared with them.

► The return afferentation in labor activity has exclusive value. The leading beginning at the person is the visual afferentation, from skin receptors of hands, especially fingers, from proprioretseptor of various muscles. In certain types of work (musicians) and flavoring (cook) an afferentation are important acoustical.

Dynamic stereotype of labor activity. ► As a result of its formation all labor operations are carried out automatically, at subconscious level. The stereotype excludes excess movements and stressful loadings, as a result activity becomes more economic less tiresome.

► The rhythm of labor activity – significantly influences labor process. On production it is defined by the technologist, in higher educational an institution - the schedule, disciplines. The person is compelled "to fit" into a rhythm. Those who successfully arranged the biorhythms to process, well adapt for work and reach good results. ► Otherwise the psychoemotional strain and fatigue develops. In this case individual selection of a rhythm of change of work and the rest, adequately organized workplace is important.

Power providing ► Any work is bound to blood flow ascending in working part of a body (muscles or brain areas). Delivery of the oxygen, energetically valuable substances (a glucose, fatty acids) amplifies. ► During the mild work energy is formed by an aerobic way at the expense of ATF resynthesis of a glucose, fatty acids and Glycerinum. Anaerobic phase short. ► During the serious, especially statistical work delivery of oxygen lags behind requirements, and energy is formed at the expense of anaerobic processes.

Providing with oxygen ► During the mild dynamic work the МОК and the pulmonary ventilation (ЛВ) are enlarged. ► At hard muscular work of LV it is enlarged more at the expense of accumulation in a blood of lactic acid an acidosis. ► At a physical activity emission of erythrocytes in a blood is enlarged, the volume of circulating plasma owing to intensifying of its filtration through a wall of capillaries in interfabric space decreases. Affinity of a hemoglobin to oxygen is enlarged.

After work the oxygen debt - excess consumption of oxygen on a covering of oxygen deficiency is shown. At a hard and continuous duty the oxygen debt can exceed its deficiency.

Regulation of delivery of oxygen. At a physical activity of simpatikoadrenalovy system increases: cerebral substance of adrenals – an adrenaline and Noradrenalinum - SSS-activation glycogen and fat mobilization from depot - development at an AMP activation of cellular processes. ► The gipotalamo-hypophysial system - AKTGcorticosteroids - intensifying of operability of muscles - intensifying of disintegration of a glycogen in muscles and a liver - intensifying of activity of a CNS is in addition activated. ►

► Working capacity - ability during certain time in a certain rhythm productively to perform physical or mental work. ► Allocates 4 phases of change of working capacity: the vrabatyvaniye, rather steady, depression of working capacity and fatigue development, the secondary rising of working capacity bound to anticipation of completion of work.

► The fatigue is subjectively shown in fatigue, desire to finish work. Coordination of movements worsens, force of muscles decreases, power expenditure decrease, rate of processing of information is slowed down, memory decreases, the attention dissipates. It is bound to disturbance of a resynthesis of ATF in muscles and accumulation of products of an exchange - at a physical activity.

Features of statistical work: Power expenditure, consumption of oxygen are rather insignificant, but after it are enlarged considerably. ► Fast tiring action because of deficiency of oxygen. Intense muscles squeeze vessels, resistance to a blood flow increases, blood supply worsens. ► The main reason of fast fatigue are the central mechanisms. ►

►At a strain in a cortex there is an exaltation center. At small loads exaltation irradiates, strengthening other reflexes and functions, therefore small static effort - an optimum condition of outdoor activities. ►At a strong static stress inhibition of functions and fatigue develops

► Dynamic work - work of larger muscular groups carries out to reorganization not only vegetative functions, but also CNS influences. ► At mental work the fatigue is bound to disturbance of synthesis and a resynthesis of neuromediators therefore it can be taken out when switching on other kinds of activity.

Features of brainwork: Information component is prevailing. Big variety of cerebration. Cerebration is a little reflected in the general power balance (in rest an exchange of a brain of 3% from the general exchange of an organism). ► It is shown in certain neurodynamic, neurophysiological conditions of an organism. ► Power consumption augmentation: public lecture - 94%, the operator of the ЭВМ - 60180%. ► ► ►

Health diagnostics. ► Purpose: allows to tap the people performing a certain work. ► Without disturbance of physiological indicators. ► Reaching socially significant results with disturbance of functions and even with dysfunctions. ► Detection of individual abilities to various work. ► Aftertreatment, prevention of an emotional pressure, restoration of the broken functions. ► Operating mode reference. ► Studying of mechanisms of a relaxation influence of physiotherapeutic procedures

Systemic assessment of a condition of the working person Systemic factors of labor activity. ► Physiological and psychological functions in the course of work closely interact in an organism. It is under construction on the basis of motivation, a physical activity, emotions change of vegetative functions, i. e. there are systemic changes in an organism.

Adaptation of biorhythms. ► During work there is an adaptation of genetically determined biorhythms of systems of an organism, especially homeostatic level to a work rhythm. Rate of adaptation depends on qualification and level of the general culture of the person. ► Labor movements are studied according to N. A. Bernstein by tsiklografiya and kymocyclography methods, the movement trajectory which is processed by means of the ЭВМ is under construction.

► Vegetative indicators. Record the CARDIAC CONTRACTIONS RATE, the respiration frequency, dermal and galvanic indicators, an EEG, an ECG. ► It is found out that people, badly adapt for work, are ill more often and leave though are interested in work. ► At beginning workers systemic quanta (functional changes according to a work rhythm) are longer, aren't present synchronism of functions. ► The emotional stress is characterized by a desynchronization of functions.

► The long assessment (monitoring) of a condition of the working person – allows to tap the changes which haven't been found in rest or at incidental tracing before work. ► Monitoring allows to estimate in a new way effect of medical actions, to carry out proved professional selection and career guidance of young workers.

Not medicinal aftertreatment. Includes actions: ► social character (work reorganization, educational and incentive measures); ► hygienic actions; ► delivery regulation; ► psychotherapy; ► physiotherapeutic actions (massage, hydrotherapeutic procedures, sauna, etc. ); ► methods of nonconventional medicine: stylostixis, yoga, respiratory gymnastics and so forth. ► the valueology or "behavioural medicine" the USA says that a healthy lifestyle (behavior) – pledge of effective work; ► "outdoor activities". ► Passive rest is less preferable in the conditions of modern production.