STYLISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY
The word stock Colloquial kid daddy chap get out go on teenager flapper go ahead get going make a move Neutral child father fellow go away continue boy (girl) young girl begin start Literary infant parent associate retire proceed youth (maiden) maiden commence
Standard / Special English Vocabulary • The common literary, neutral and common colloquial words are grouped under the term standard English vocabulary. • Other groups in the literary layer are regarded as special literary vocabulary • Those in the colloquial layer are regarded as special colloquial (non-literary) vocabulary
Nеиtral words • Neutral words are the main source of synonymy and polysemy. It is the neutral stock of words that is so prolific in the production of new meanings. • The wealth of the neutral stratum of words is often overlooked. This is due to their inconspicuous character. But their faculty for assuming new meanings and generating new stylistic variants is often quite amazing. • This generative power of the neutral words in the English language is multiplied by the very nature of the language itself. It has been estimated that most neutral English words are of monosyllabic character, as, in the process of development from Old English to Modern English, most of the parts of speech lost their distinguishing suffixes.
SPECIAL LITERARY VOCABULARY • Terms • Poetic and Highly Literary Words Deserted is my own good hall, its hearth is desolate. • Archaic troth (=faith) Obsolescent thee, thy and thine and Obsolete Words words are those that have already gone, completely out of use but are still recognized by the English-speaking community: e. g. methinks (=it seems to me); nay (=no). These words are called obsolete • Barbarisms and Foreignisms • Literary Coinages (Including Nonce-Words)
• These are words of foreign origin which have not entirely been assimilated into the English language. They bear the appearance of a borrowing and are felt as something alien to the native tongue. The role foreign borrowings played in the development of the English literary language is well known, and the great majority of these borrowed words now form part of the rank and file of the English vocabulary. It is the science of linguistics, in particular its branch etymology, that reveals the foreign nature of this or that word. But most of what were formerly foreign borrowings are now, from a purely stylistic position, not regarded as foreign. But still there are some words which retain their foreign appearance to a greater or lesser degree. These words, which are called barbarisms, are, like archaisms, also considered to be on the outskirts of the literary language. • Most of them have corresponding English synonyms; e. g. chic (=stylish); bon mot (==a clever witty saying); en passant (= in passing); ad infinitum (= to infinity) and many other words and phrases. • Barbarisms are generally given in the body of the dictionary.
SPECIAL COLLOQUIAL VOCABULARY • Slang • Jargonisms • Professionalisms tin-fish (=submarine); block-buster (= a bomb especially designed to destroy • Dialectal words lass - 'a girl or a beloved girl' and lad - 'a boy or a young man', daft from the Scottish and the northern dialect, meaning 'of unsound mind, silly‘//maister, eneugh, laird, naething • Vulgar words or vulgarisms 'damn', 'bloody', 'to hell', 'goddam' • Colloquial coinages
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