STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION Lectures 8 -9

STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION Lectures 8 -9

STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION l Handling Stylistically-Marked Language Units l Handling Stylistic Devices

Handling stylistically-marked language units n n In different __________the language ______ select words of different________. The translator _________the _____ status of the _____ text, by using the ______of the same ______or, failing that, _________________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units l l l The __________effect of the text is created with the help of ________________devices. The speaker may __________he mentions in his own way thus giving his________________. Such ______________give much ______to the translator since their meaning is often_________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units l l l Some _______become _______through ______ and they may have ______equivalents in TL, e. g. true love —_______, dead silence —_______, good old England _____________. In most cases, however, the translator has to______________, which often requires an _______of the broad context.

Handling stylistically-marked language units n n __________units may also be certain types of__________may be _____as an example. Another common type includes _____ indirect _____of various objects or “___________". A _________of paraphrases is a characteristic feature of the____________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units o Some of the paraphrases are ______ from such ________as ____ or the _____and usually have _____ equivalents in Russian (Attic salt -_______, the three sisters -______, the Prince of Darkness -_______). o Others are _________and are either ______or ______in translation: o John Bull —____, the three R's — _____________, the Iron Duke -____________.

Handling stylistically-marked language units n n n A ______of paraphrases are the names of_____, _____and other _____or _______entities: the Land of Cakes (_____), the Badger State (______), the Empire City (______). As a rule, such paraphrases are not known to the ______and they are _____by official names in the translation.

Handling stylistically-marked language units ¡ ¡ ¡ Complicated _________are caused by ST containing ______ language units used to produce a________. The ST author may ______his character's speech by means of _______ or _________forms. SL __________cannot be _______in TT, nor can they be ______by TL _____ forms.

Handling stylistically-marked language units n n It would be ________if a black American or a ________spoke in the _____translation in the dialect, say, of the ______________ or western part of_________. Fortunately, the __________forms are mostly an _______of the speaker's _______or_________, and they can be rendered into Russian by a _____employment of_______, e. g. :

Handling stylistically-marked language units n n n He do look quiet, don't 'e? D'e know 'oo 'e is, Sir? _______________

Handling Stylistic Devices n n n Causes: Different words may acquire ________ lexical meanings which are ______in the dictionaries in a certain _____(_____ meanings). Transferred meaning _______the ________between the two types of _________: dictionary and contextual.

Causes: ¢ Stylistic devices are necessary when the _______ from the _____________is carried to a degree which causes an ____________in the recognized _______ (dictionary) meanings.

Causes: o One and the same ________ may be used with________, perform different ________and have different meanings in the _____ system of any language.

Causes: l. Stylistic devices in different languages are the________ , but they ________differently in languages. l. This is the _____of stylistic transformations.

STYLISTIC devices Stylistic Devices: ¢ Metaphor: - Prolonged metaphor; ¢ Metonymy: - Synecdoche; ¢ - Metonymic epithet; ¢ Antonomasia; ¢ Alliteration. ¢

STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATION l One should take into account that while translating there is_______, partial _______and _________ of rendering_____________.

Alliteration l l Alliteration- is the ______of the ____________in two or more words. It can be used for_____, logical ________between the components. e. g. Nothing befalls him that he can not transmute into a stanza, song or story. ___________________________________.

Alliteration (functions) The author may use alliteration for the following purposes: n To _________and _____________ n (Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers. n ___________________________); n

Alliteration to establish __________ between the components n (cold comfort –________; cold conditions –________); n to attract____________ n (Britain’s Biggest Bazaar – _______________ n _______________). n

Alliteration ¢ Very often it is not necessary to ______________ while translating: ¢ e. g. Rolls on the Rock – _________________;

STYLISTIC METHODS OF TRANSLATION l l - Alliteration is often ________ when used in ________and ________style, where the _______function is the primary one: E. g. Barbarism in Bars – ________________.

Alliteration q n n Alliteration should be _______when possible if the _____function is more important than the ________one: E. g. The word Papa gives the pretty form to the lips: potatoes, poultry, prunes and prisms, and all very good for the lips. ____________________________________.

Metaphor n n n Metaphor is a stylistic device which consists in the _______in a ______________ meaning based on the _____or ______and is used in all _____styles. e. g. hot money-_________. It is important to __________ when dealing with__________.

Ways of rendering metaphor l In case it is impossible to______, the metaphor should be then ______or ________ another ________device.

Problems of conveying metaphors: n the difference in __________ related to some__________. n e. g. black sheep-_________, n black frost-__________ n the metaphors those _______ in the national_______ n e. g. красна девица-________, n добрый молодец-______

Problems of conveying metaphors o o o the metaphoric _______which have the same _______for the both SL and TL but are__________. e. g. Bавилонское столпотворение______________ Дары данайцев-________

Problems of conveying metaphors ¡ Any _____in the metaphor can lead to ______of the whole phrase ¡ e. g. SPARKLER- Light up your life! ¡ ______________________!

Problems of conveying metaphors n n n the metaphor in the process of translation can be _______ metaphoric_____, etc. e. g. a beast of a car-_______ an angel of a girl- _______________________

Problems of conveying metaphors and simile o Metaphors and similes are _____ figures of speech. o Both metaphor and simile are ______that describe a _______: the only difference between a metaphor and a simile is that a ____makes the ______by using “_______" or “_____": o You are my sunshine (____) – Your eyes are like the sun (____).

Problems of conveying metaphors and simile Ways of rendering metaphors and similes: - by choosing __________ where the _______is preserved: ¨ E. g. white as a sheet – ____________. ¨ by finding _________when the _______ of the SL phrase is __________ the different one: ¨ E. g. old as the hills –_________. n

Problems of conveying metaphors and simile ¡by means of __________: l E. g. As busy as a bee –______. ¡by means of _________of translation: ¡ E. g. As large as life – _______

Problems of conveying metonymy l l Metonymy- is __________of a ______of one ______ to another_______. Metonymic ________ of name is based upon the ___________ of two objects.

Problems of conveying metonymy ¢ e. g. Two men entered the room. The red was smiling, the black was upset. ¢ _________________________.

Problems of conveying metonymy n n n This example contains the _______is quite simple to translate since the ____and ______expressions are the ______in the SL and TL. Metonymy may be _________with metaphor. Both _____involve the _______of one term for another.

Problems of conveying metonymy n While in ____this substitution is based on______, in ______the substitution is based on________. n ______example: The ship plowed through the sea (plowed instead of navigated). ______example: The sails crossed the ocean (sails instead of ship with sails). n

Problems of conveying metonymy • The most difficult to render are _______based on the ______between: • - the object and its ____ (_______ epithet); • - the ____and its part (______); • - the ______ and ______ names (__________).

Ways of rendering metonymy Ш by means of __________of the _____name Ш (in case the _____metonymic word has ________ nor _____ in the TL and is not known to the _______ due to _______ cultural traditions):

Ways of rendering metonymy o The _______both in the means of _________and the _______ to which it has ______ in the SL and TL. o Different ___________ of ________expressions. o e. g. To buy some Kellog’so ______________.

Ways of rendering metonymy by means of ________ transformations Ш (in case __________of the two languages are_____, and the _____ cannot be ____ equivalently in terms of________): structural transformations and _________ in the grammatical____ Ш n

Ways of rendering metonymy n n e. g. Very soon after words there was a concerned official’s face staring at me through the jagged hole in the glass of the kitchen door. ___________________________________ __________________.

Ways of rendering metonymy Ш by l means of____________ (in case the __________ of the metonymy is different in the ______ and_______________): ___________ transformations when the __________ of the _______ expression do not ________ in SL and TL

Ways of rendering metonymy n n e. g. These wheels will drive you at your pleasure. ___________________________________.

Ways of rendering metonymy Ш choosing ________ by ____________(in case there is a _______________between the ______traditions of expressing individual _____of a certain object in the _____and target_______):

Ways of rendering metonymy n ________________ due to _____ correspondence both in _____ and in ______properties of the metonymic expressions n e. g. I am revolt of the stupidity of a country police. n _________________________________.

Ways of rendering metonymy by means of ________ of the ______ for metonymic transference (in case the metonymic _______ used in the SL does not _______ in the TL in a___________): n

Ways of rendering metonymy l. E. g. The guards now change at Buckingham Palace to a Lennon and Mc. Cartney. l____________________________ l______________.

Ways of rendering synecdoche o o o Synecdoche- this __________ is realized in ____variants. The ______is naming the ______ by mentioning ____of it. e. g. Caroling lives with Jack under the same roof. ____________________________________.

Ways of rendering synecdoche ¢ The second is using the name of the __________to denote a _________of this object. ¢ e. g. The hall applauded. ¢ ____________.

Problems of conveying synecdoche n n The means of it expression may often be________________. Sometimes it requires the __________ of the stylistic device e. g. These wheels will drive you at your pleasure. “These wheels” ______this car. We cannot say “_______ ” because it will not correspond to____________.

Problems of conveying synecdoche “________________________ ¡ _____________”. ¡

Problems of conveying epithet l l l Metonymic _______- on basis of _______between the _____and of its ______ or______. e. g. ______________________________. – A girl in her full denim outfit nearly fell into the office. The only way of translation is _______the _____into the____, but at the same time part of SL ___________information is lost.

Problems of conveying antonomasia Antonomasia- is based upon the principle of ________ of _______with things which ________them. n e. g. John is a real Romeo. n n ____________.

Problems of conveying antonomasia l l ______________. While translating ____the translator has to reconstruct the ____for the metonymic ______ because the antonomasia is not ______in Russian. e. g. “Old Blue Eyes” for_______. “The King” for________.

Ways of conveying stylistic devices ¢ ¢ There are _______ways of conveying stylistic devices: If it is possible, ______them; Stylistic devices can be _______ other_______; Stylistic ________(when it is impossible to ________device in the text).

Assignment for the seminar: Test ¢ Ex. 1 pp. 75 ¢ Ex. 2 pp. 75 ¢ Ex. 3 pp. 75 ¢