Studio Interconnections Video Sync Master W C VHS VTR

Studio Interconnections Video Sync Master W/C VHS VTR Digital Console DAW DA-88 W/SY-88 Micro Lynx 2” CD Multitrack Recorder IF-88 AE AES Converter Analog Audio Digital Audio Timecode Word Clock TDIF Audio Video Ref. “Sync” DAT

Clock Signals n n n Clock signals are SPEED reference signals that are used in applications where the rate or speed at which data is transferred or output must remain constant. Clock signals can be used for both analog and digital applications. In digital audio applications the clock signal is know as Word Clock. In video applications the clock signal is know as House Sync, or Video Sync, or Black Burst Clock Signals should not be confused with Timecode.

Digital Word Clock • A square wave, clock reference signal for digital audio • Word Clock is a “speed” reference • Sample rate is derived from word clock signal • Allows serial transmission between digital audio devices Typically uses a 75Ω coaxial video cable with BNC termination. "BNC” (British Navy Connector) is a bayonet-type connector, seen on professional video equipment. The male connector, usually mounted on the equipment, appears as a cylinder with a hollow pin in the center. The outer cylinder has two little nubs sticking out on opposite sides. The female connector, normally mounted on the cable, has an outer ring with slots on opposite sides which turns so that it can bayonet onto the nubs of the male connector, and has a smaller center pin which joins to the male's hollow center pin.

Word Clock • A timing reference for digital audio serial transmissions • A square wave signal at the sample rate • Defines the sample rate of the incoming signal • Used to derive the sample rate of incoming digital audio • Word Clock is a “speed” reference • Typically on 75 Ω coaxial video cable with BNC termination

M 27 Digital Connections

Digital Audio Transmission Formats Digital audio is transmitted from one device to another using a variety of formats. These formats have been developed to satisfy specific needs or applications. Each format typically specifies what type of cable and what type of termination is to be used. The most common of these formats are… Format Channels Termination Word Clock • AES 3 2 Channel XLR Embedded • AES 3 id 2 Channel BNC/RCA Embedded • S/PDIF 2 Channel RCA Embedded • Toslink 2 Channel Optical (JIS F 05) Embedded • ADAT 8 Channel Optical (JIS F 05) Embedded • TDIF 16 Channel (8 In/8 Out) DB 25 Separate

Digital I/O n AES/EBU • • n 2 channels of audio on one cable Word clock embedded (“self clocking”) Balanced cable (110 Ω), typically XLR connectors 44. 1 k. Hz/48 k. Hz, up to 24 bits S/PDIF • • • Semi-pro and consumer standard 2 channels of audio Word clock embedded (“self clocking”) Unbalanced cable (75 Ω), typically RCA connectors 44. 1 k. Hz/48 k. Hz, up to 24 bits Can also be optical cable with TOSLink connectors

ADAT Optical

ADAT Specifics n ADAT (Alesis Digital Audio Tape) • aka “Lightpipe”, “Optical” • 8 channels of audio (a multichannel interconnection) • optical cable with Toslink (JIS F 05) connectors • Word clock embedded • 44. 1 k. Hz/48 k. Hz, up to 24 bits • 96 k. Hz by combining 2 ports (participating manufacturers)

TDIF Specifics n TDIF (Tascam Digital Interface) • 16 channels of audio (a multichannel interconnection) • 8 channels Input / 8 channels output • Multiwire cable with 25 -pin D-sub connectors • Word clock is an external connection, on 75 Ω coaxial cable • 44. 1 k. Hz/48 k. Hz, up to 24 bits

TDIF w/Separate Word Clock TDIF IF 88 AE AES Converter

DA-88 Word Clock TDIF Word clock TDIF

The DA-88 In Detail

DA-88 Tape Path

DA-88 Head Assembly

TDIF Tascam Digital Interface

IF-88 AE AES Converter

Yamaha DM Series DM 1000 O 1 V 96 O 2 R 96 DM 2000

Yamaha DM Series Back Panels O 1 V 96 O 2 R 96 DM 2000 DM 1000

Yamaha DM 2000 in Detail

DM 2000 Back Panel 2 Trk Digital Ins 2 Trk Analog Ins Digital Mix Bus Outs Control Room Outs Analog Mix Bus Out Analog “Omni” Outs Mic Inputs Line Inputs Analog Inserts “Slot” I/O Meters, GPI, 9 Pin & MIDI Word Clock I/O Timecode Ins Computer I/O Cascade

DM 2000 “Slot” I/O

DM 2000 Layers

DM 2000 Selecting Layers

Yamaha DM 2000 Layers in M 27 Layer 1: Channels 1 -8 = Pro. Tools Analog Outs 1 -8 Channels 9 -12 = Microphone Inputs 1 -4 Channels 13 -16 = Empty Channels 17 -24 = DA-88 Analog Outs 1 -8 Layer 2: Channels 25 -48 = Pro. Tools Digital Outs 1 -24 Layer 3: Channels 49 -72 = Empty Layer 4: Channels 73 -96 = Effects & Tape Returns

DM 2000 LCD Display

DM 2000 Digital I/O

Video “House Sync” • A video waveform signal without video elements, often referred to as “House” or “Sync” or “Black Burst” or “Video Sync” • House Sync is a “speed” reference signal used as a control track on ALL video tape formats. • “House Sync” is used to synchronize video tape machines and processors to a common speed reference. In video facilities, “House Sync” is sent to all tape machines and video processors. • “House Sync” is embedded into the video signal (from a video camera) during recording. This composite signal creates a control track that defines the speed of the original recording. These camera tapes are called “Source Tapes”. • In post-production video applications, “Master Tapes” are blank tapes that have been formatted by striping them with “House Sync” and a black video signal. This process is called “Blacking”. Video editing is the process of transferring selected “Source Tape” material onto video “Master Tapes”. As with the “Source Tapes”, “House Sync” allows “Master Tapes” to synchronize to the common speed reference from the “House Sync” generator. • House sync DOES NOT CONTAIN TIME CODE! This is a common misconception. • Uses a "BNC" (British Navy Connector) connector.

House Sync & Word Clock Both are speed reference signals. They do not contain timing information such as Time Code or Sample Rate, rather they provide the basic speed reference to generate a timing signal. Sample Rate is derived from Word Clock. Frame Rate is derived from House Sync.