Student eva ra Karate Ve The develo pment

Student: eva ra Karate Ve The develo pment of positivist s cience in the twentie th century

XIX c. Positivism XVIII c. Philosophy of the Enlightment natural sciences, certain philosophical worldview XX c. Positivism logic, mathematics and revolutionary approach to philosophy

Logic positivism (logic empiricism) of Vienna Circle (1924 -1936) Marxist critique of ideology and anticlericalism of the beginning of XX century shaped the approach. Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 -1951) Bertrand Russell (1872 -1970) Principia Mathematica (1910 -1913) The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) Mathematics, according to the positivist view, is itself a language. Offered the complete description of the world with the self-invented It does not tell us anything about language and this way to determine the world, but it allows us to the borders of the mind and the transform given statements into Universe. others and explores the Not the universe itself, but possibilities of such everything we could perceive or transformations. say is linguistically-determined.

The participants of Vienna Circle Moritz Schlick (18821836) Hans Hahn, Philipp Frank, Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Herbert Feigl, Richard von Mises, Karl Menger, Kurt Gödel, Friedrich Waismann, Felix Kaufmann, Viktor Kraft and Edgar Zilsel. + Albert Einstein

Goals and ideas 0 The only object of the philosophical investigation is a language. Its job is to clarify the statements of other sciences. 0 All theological, metaphysical and ethical statements are false. 0 The science must generate sentences that could be verified. Such a verification recently was very formal in a way that the sentence: As soon as people leave the room, the furniture disappears, just as they come back, the furniture appears again.

Perfect language 0 There are two types of statements that can exist: literally truthful “all bachelors are not married”, “ 2 x 2=4” and those that can be empirically certified: “The water boils at 100 degrees” Rudolf Carnap believed in a perfect language, that could be constructed, he also pined great hopes on the Esperanto.

The end of the movement and influences 0 Shift to England USA in the late 1930 s. Positivism as such lasted into the 1940 s, but continued to be indirectly influential by way of its impact on British analytic philosophers, especially Gilbert Ryle and A. J. Ayer. 0 Positivists initiated the new discussion on maths, its possibilities and boundaries, and as a result the whole new discipline of metamathematics emerged, in which questions about the nature of various mathematical statements and proofs are themselves treated in a rigorous mathematical way (Tarski 1956). 0 Great emphasis on observation and data, as against theoretical and even speculative bent of the preceding generation or two. “Behavioral science” , psychometrics and sociometrics

Thanks for your attention!