Стратегии намека Лекция № 5

Стратегии намека Лекция № 5

Таблица 1. Тактика регуляции значимости высказывания Downtoning Devices Functions Minimizing Fillers Verbs of E. g. : explanati adverbs of intension ons, comp paus also with laints, es (negative) Minimizing a) Fillers opinions, of assertive b) Vbs of apologies words thinking

Таблица 2. Техника минимизации. Functions Understatement Statement The room is a little/a bit Criticising overcrowded. The room is overcrowded. Could I make a very Request brief announcement? Can I make an announcement? Just a minute. I’ll be Excuse back in a moment. Wait a little. I’ll be back soon. It was just a slip of the Apology tongue. It was a slip of the tongue. The news somewhat Attitude shocked me. The news shocked me.

Таблица 3. Техника снижения определенности. Functions Understatement Statement Apology I’ve got a kind of an I want to apology to make. apologize. Giving There’s a sort of There is a misunderstanding explana It was more or less out It was out of tions of place. place. Expres We tend to overlook We often overlook the importance of tests. it. sing (negative) I am inclined to feel I feel that it is that it is important. opinions I sort of think it could It could be better be better if you quit. if you…

Таблица 4. Тактика использования отрицания как намека. Types of negation Functions. Explicit Implicit Double E. g. with: (negative) Degree Adverbs Words of attitude, adverbs little/few negative criticism, meaning dislike, statement Transfer Negative (also with of opinion, red adverbs affixes) disagree negation ing, offer. Non- Vbs. Fail, Adj. , adv. , assertive lack etc. vbs. , words preps.

Таблица 5. Техника прямого отрицания Functions Understatement Statement Attitude I’m not pleased with (=I’m definitely his manners. disgusted) Greeting How are you? - Not so I’m not well(=I am ill) well, thank you. Dislike I’m not particularly I’m not keen on TV(=I keen on TV. hate TV) Disagreeing I don’t think I could I think I can’t fully quite agree with it. agree(=I disagree) Offer I don’t suppose you’ll I suppose you’ll not accept my offer. accept it(=I hope you will) Statement He didn’t tell me He told me nothing anything about it.

Таблица 6. Техника скрытого и двойного отрицания. Functions Understatement State §He’s got little idea how He’s got no idea how engines work. I hardly engines work. I never ment speak in public. ever speak in public. It is possible. § It is not impossible. Criticizing § He lacks courage to He doesn’t have give it up. courage to give it up. § His plan is not devoid His plan is full of of drawbacks. Opinion He is not without He has (many) pretensions.

Таблица 7. Стратегии намека. Стратегии Намёк ; ) Тактики Регуляция Отрицание значимости как намек Техники Минимизация Использова значимости ние прямого отрицания Снижение Скрытое и определенности двойное отрицание

Стратегии дистанционирования Тактика смещения Тактика использования временного плана модальных глаголов § Future Simple (will § Could, would, you, shall I, shall we) might § need to, have to § If +could, would, § Past Simple (How much did you intend to waste? ) might § Progressive Tenses § I’d rather you, I § I was thinking, I was wish you would, I’d wondering, I am hoping really like