STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SINGAPORE 1965

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SINGAPORE 1965 - 2005 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 1

“We are not what we hope to be But we are not what we used to be” John Newton 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 2

1 st Industrialization and Educational Reforms 1 st Industrialization Phase 1965 – 1973: 1. Investment-oriented; 2. Labour-intensive manufacturing 19 June 2006 1 st Educational Reform 1. Integrated Educational System; 2. Growth of Technical Education David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 3

1 st Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform Table 2: Social Development Expenditure 1961 – 1965 (40% of Total Development Expenditure Singapore $ million (Equivalent US $) % 1. Health 35. 80 10. 23 2. Education 94. 48 27. 00 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 77 153. 60 47. 36 6. 07 10. 80 0. 51 43. 90 13. 54 1. 73 3. 09 349. 99 (205) 100. 00 Social Welfare Housing Sewerage Community Services Culture 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 4

1 st Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Challenges • Economic Strategy - Economic Development Board (EDB) - Employment Act 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 5

1 st Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Educational Reform • Strategy 1: Centralization of Primary and Secondary Education • Strategy 2: Growth of Technical Education 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 6

1 st Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Strategy 3: EDB Training Centres • Strategy 4: Company-based Training Centres 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 7

1 st Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Economic Achievements - Average growth 10% - Manufacturing 24% share of GDP - Unemployment rate 3. 6% 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 8

1 st Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Educational Achievements - Student enrolment - Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) 61% - 83% - General Certificate of Education (GCE ‘O’) 53% - 69% 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 9

2 nd Industrialization and Educational Reforms 2 nd Industrialization Phase 1974 – 1985: 1. Capital intensive industries 2. Foreign workers 3. High wage policy 19 June 2006 2 nd Educational Reform 1. New Education System (Efficient management sys) 2. Certification and Training in Technical Education David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 10

2 nd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform 1978 - 1979 Expenditure on education: $32. 75 million 19 June 2006 1982 - 1983 $374. 68 million David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 11

2 nd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Challenges • Economic Strategy - Wage Correction Policy - Higher Value Technological Industries 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 12

2 nd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Educational Reform • Strategy 1: Standardizing School Work Procedures and Processes • Strategy 2: Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 13

2 nd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Strategy 3: Certification through part-time training in Technical Education • Strategy 4: Foreign Company Participation in Institutes of Technology 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 14

2 nd Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Economic Achievements - Average growth 7. 3% - Nominal value-added $18, 400 in 1979 to $27, 000 in 1985 - Skilled manpower 11 % in 1979 to 22 % in 1985 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 15

2 nd Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Educational Achievements - PSLE from 83% - 88% - GCE ‘O’ from 69% - 88% - VITB certified 9% of existing workforce 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 16

3 rd Industrialization and Educational Reforms 3 rd Industrialization 3 rd Educational Reform Phase 1986 - 1997: 1. Services as engine of 1. Holistic Education growth 2. Quality Schools, 2. Regionalization Leaders, Teachers 3. Setting up Institutes of Technical Education (ITE) 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 17

3 rd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform National $2 billion (1991 Technology Plan – 1995) National Science $4 billion (1996 and Technology – 2000) Plan 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 18

3 rd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Challenges • Economic Strategy - Developing Industries Cluster Niche Areas - Twin Pillars of Economic Growth: Services and Manufacturing 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 19

3 rd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Educational Reform • Strategy 1: School Leadership Training and Development • Strategy 2: Excellence in Education through Quality Schools 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 20

3 rd Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Strategy 3: Setting up of Institutes of Technical Education • Strategy 4: Total Training Concept of ITE 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 21

3 rd Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Economic Achievements - Average growth 8. 6% - Financial & business services in total GDP from 21 % in 1986 to 26 % in 1997 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 22

3 rd Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Educational Achievements - Enrolment of ITE students grew 84% - GCE 5 ‘O’ Level from 70% (1991) – 82. 7% (2004) - Research scientists & engineers – 3, 361 in 1987 to 11, 302 in 1997 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 23

4 th Industrialization and Educational Reforms 4 th Industrialization Phase 1998 onwards: Knowledge-based economy; Entrepreneurship 19 June 2006 4 th Educational Reform 1. ‘Thinking Schools Learning Nation’ 2. ITE Breakthrough Plan David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 24

4 th Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform Table 10: Singapore Educational Budget Allocation 1997 Budget (S$billion) 2001 2002 2003 23. 90 27. 20 29. 00 28. 05 28. 33 29. 92 Percent to 19. 7 education 19 June 2006 1998 21. 0 1999 19. 5 2000 20. 7 22. 4 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 24. 0 21. 9 25

4 th Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Challenges • Economic Strategy - Multilateral, Regional, Bilateral, FTAs - Flexible Wage System; Low Taxes & Central Provident Fund 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 26

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 27

Singapore’s economic growth slower and more volatile… 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 28

China pulling lion’s share of FDI in Asia 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 29

Develop Human Capital • Flexible and diverse education system • New Buzzwords: Ø 19 June 2006 creativity, innovation, intellectual curiosity and risk taking, entrepreneurial, broadbased education, passion, R&D, global mindset, rootedness, continual learning David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 30

4 th Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Educational Reform • Strategy 1: School Excellence Model • Strategy 2: Singapore Quality Class (SQC) Award 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 31

SEM 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 32

4 th Strategic Industrialization & Educational Reform • Strategy 3: ITE Breakthrough Plan 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 33

4 th Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Economic Achievements - Average growth 4% - Strong growth in per capita GNI US$24, 560 (2004) 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 34

4 th Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Educational Achievements - Enrolment of ITE students surpassing the 25% annual school cohort - Continuing Education Training Programmes: trained 58, 989 adult learners - industry training partners trained 131, 401 people 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 35

4 th Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements • Educational Achievements - TIMMS: 1 st in Mathematics and Science (1995, 1999, 2003) 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 36

4 th Industrialization Phase & Reform: Achievements - International Olympiads (2003): Biology: 1 gold; 3 silver and 5 th team placing out of 41 countries Chemistry: 1 gold; 2 silver; 1 bronze and 10 th team placing out of 59 countries Mathematics: 2 bronze; 3 honourable mentions and 36 th team placing out of 82 countries 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 37

Life begins at 40 Thank You 19 June 2006 David Ng National Institute of Education Singapore 38