Storia delle Istituzioni Americane — una prospettiva culturale

Storia delle Istituzioni Americane - una prospettiva culturale – dott. Marco Morini

Struttura del Corso • 10 lezioni (19 ottobre-24 novembre) 1: mercoledì 19/10: 17 -19 (aula E 1 Magistero – settore Aula Magna, Via Saffi) 2: giovedì 20/10: 11 -13 (aula Blu Economia – Palazzo Battiferri, Via Saffi) 3: mercoledì 26/10: 17 -19 (aula E 1 Magistero) 4: giovedì 27/10: 11 -13 (aula Blu Economia) 5: mercoledì 2/11: 17 -19 (aula E 1 Magistero) 6: mercoledì 9/11: 17 -19 (aula E 1 Magistero) 7: giovedì 10/11: 11 -13 (aula Blu Economia) 8: mercoledì 16/11: 17 -19 (aula E 1 Magistero) 9: giovedì 17/11: 11 -13 (aula Blu Economia) 10: giovedì 24/11: 11 -13 (aula Blu Economia) Ricevimento: giovedì dalle 13 alle 14 – Piazza Rinascimento 7 – studio prof. ssa Calanchi Testo suggerito: Tonello, F. (2010). La Costituzione degli Stati Uniti. Milano: Bruno Mondadori. Esame. per frequentanti: paper (su argomento da concordare con il docente) oppure esame orale Per non frequentanti: libro Tonello – esame orale Email: marco. morini@gmail. com

Contenuti generali del corso • Storia degli Stati Uniti ( 1776 -1787) • Costituzione (“making of”, esegesi) • “Conoscere le istituzioni attraverso la Costituzione” • Congresso, Presidenza, Corte Suprema • Contesto culturale • Meccanismi politici - emendamenti

Letture consigliate • Bonazzi, T. (2003). “Introduzione” in Bonazzi, T. (a cura di) La Dichiarazione d’Indipendenza degli Stati Uniti d’America (p. 11 -62). Venezia: Marsilio. • Mc. Kay, D. (2005). “US Legislators and their Constituents” in Mc. Kay, D. American Politics and Society (p. 129 -145). Malden, MA: Blackwell (6. edizione). • Mc. Kay, D. (2001). “Congress as Policy-maker” in Mc. Kay, D. American Politics and Society (p. 146 -168). Malden, MA: Blackwell (5. edizione). • Mc. Kay, D. (2001). “Presidential Power” in Mc. Kay, D. American Politics and Society (p. 170 -202). Malden, MA: Blackwell (5. edizione). • Mc. Kay, D. (2005). “The Supreme Court and Judicial Politics” in Mc. Kay, D. American Politics and Society (p. 243 -268). Malden, MA: Blackwell (6. edizione). • Testi, A. (1992). “Ascesa e declino del partito di massa: il caso storico degli Stati Uniti”, in Calise, M. (a cura di) Come cambiano i partiti (p. 45 -60). Bologna: Il Mulino.

Lezione 1 • Lipset, S. M. (1979). The First New Nation. The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective. New York: Norton. • Tocqueville, A. (ed. 2003). Democracy in America. London: Penguin.

Bandiera delle prime 13 colonie

Primi insediamenti

3 livelli amministrativi • Township (municipality): select men (1 anno) – potere esecutivo. Assemblea pubblica • Contea – amministrazione della Giustizia – “make townships comply with rules”. Magistrati della Contea nominati dal Governatore dello Stato. Dirimere I conflitti Township-Stato • Stato: Senato (selezione dei “civil servants” e in alcuni casi copartecipazione al potere giudiziario). Camera (congresso) ~ stesso potere, ma i suoi membri in carica per 1 solo anno. (senatori termine più lungo). Congressmen eletti direttamente, mentre i senatori sono eletti dai “select men”. Il potere esecutivo è del governatore (1 -2 anni), “Commander-in Chief”. Potere di veto sull’assemblea.

Dichiarazione d’Indipendenza (II sentence) • “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”.

Articles of the Confederation • • • • 1. Establishes the name of the confederation: "The United States of America. " 2. Asserts the equality of the separate states with the confederation government. 3. Does not call the United States of America a "nation" or "government, " but instead says, "The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever. " 4. Establishes freedom of movement – anyone could pass freely between the states, excluding "paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice. " All people are entitled to the rights established by the state into which he travels. If a crime is committed in one state and the perpetrator flees to another state, he will be extradited to and tried in the state in which the crime was committed. 5. Allocates one vote in the Congress of the Confederation to each state, which was entitled to a delegation of between two and seven members. Members of Congress were appointed by state legislatures. Also, individuals could not serve more than three out of any six years. 6. Only the central government was allowed to conduct foreign relations and to declare war. No states could have navies or standing armies, or engage in war, without permission of Congress (although the existence of state militias is encouraged). 7. Whenever an army is raised for common defense, colonels and military ranks below colonel will be named by the state legislatures. 8. Expenditures by the United States of America will be paid by funds raised by state legislatures, and apportioned to the states based on the real property values of each. 9. Defines the powers of the United States of America: to declare war, to set weights and measures (including coins), and for Congress to serve as a final court for disputes between states. 10. Defines a Committee of the States to be a government when Congress is not in session. 11. Requires nine states to approve the admission of a new state into the confederacy. 12. Reaffirms that the Confederation accepts war debt incurred by Congress before the existence of the Articles. 13. Declares that the Articles are perpetual, and can only be altered by approval of Congress with ratification by all the state legislatures.

Altre letture: • Bonazzi, T. (2003). “Introduzione” in Bonazzi, T. (a cura di) La Dichiarazione d’Indipendenza degli Stati Uniti d’America (p. 11 -62). Venezia: Marsilio. • Tonello, F. (2010). La Costituzione degli Stati Uniti. Milano: Bruno Mondadori. • Lipset, S. M. (1979). The First New Nation. The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective. New York: Norton.

Country Monarchies/ Parliamentary System Semi-Presidential System United States Australia xxxxxxxxxxx Austria Xxxxxxxxxxx Belgium Presidential System xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx Brazil Canada Xxxxxxxxxxxx Costa Rica Xxxxxxxxxxx Finland Xxxxxxxxxxx France Xxxxxxxxxxx Germany Xxxxxxxxxxx Ireland Xxxxxxxxxxx Israel Xxxxxxxxxxx Italy Xxxxxxxxxxx Japan Xxxxxxxxxxx New Zealand xxxxxxxxxx Poland Xxxxxxxxxxx Romania Xxxxxxxxxxx Spain Xxxxxxxxxxx Sweden Xxxxxxxxxxx South Africa Xxxxxxxxxxx Switzerland Xxxxxxxxxxx United Kingdom xxxxxxxxxx

Country United States Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Germany India South Africa Switzerland United Kingdom Federalism Presidentia lism “Strong” Bicameralis Constitutio m nal control First-pastthe post

Distorsione rappresentativa del Senato • 17 stati meno popolati: Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, N. Dakota, Nevada, N. Mexico, (20, 1 m persone): 6, 6% House, 34 Senatori. R. Island, S. Dakota, Utah, Vermont, W. Virginia, Wyoming • California (36, 8 m): 12, 1% House, 2 Senatori.

Dibattito sulla schiavitù • • • Impedire l’importazione di schiavi dall’Africa Rappresentazione degli Stati alla Camera Schiavi fuggitivi 3/5 degli schiavi inclusi nel censimento Commercio degli schiavi autorizzato per 20 anni Cattura e riconsegna ai padroni degli schiavi fuggiti • Altri stati introdussero la schiavitù

Costituzione Americana (struttura) - Preamble: Statement of purpose - Article One: Legislative Power - Article Two: Executive power - Article Three: Judicial power - Article Four: States' powers and limits - Article Five: Amendments - Article Six: Federal power - Article Seven: Ratification - Amendments: – The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1 to 10) – Subsequent amendments (11 to 27)