SS 7 H 2 c Describe how land

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SS 7 H 2 c Describe how land religion are reasons for continuing conflicts in the Middle East. Concept: Conflict Creates Change

Vocabulary Words To Know Arab-Israeli Wars § Camp David Accords § Intifada § Palestinians § P. L. O. § Refugee §

ARAB - ISRAELI WARS • series of wars between 1948 and 1973 that were fought between Israel and the Arab countries of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon (fought over control of territory in Palestine)

CAMP DAVID ACCORDS • 1979 peace agreement between Egypt and Israel hosted at Camp David, Maryland by President Jimmy Carter

INTIFADA • revolt by Palestinian Arabs to protest Israeli occupation of Palestinian-claimed land

PALESTINIANS • Arabs who live in the region occupied by Israel. They are fighting for independence.

P. L. O. • Palestinian Liberation Organization formed in 1964; organization formed to protect the rights of Palestinians

REFUGEE • a person forced to seek refuge or safety in another country because of war or other political or natural disruption in their home country

Conflicts in the Middle East OVER LAND • Israeli – Arab Wars • Kurds wanting independence from Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq • Iraq invading Iran and later Kuwait for oil OVER RELIGION • Israeli (Jews) vs. Arab (Muslims) Wars • Sunni Muslims vs Shi’ites Muslims in Iraq

So, is it Palestine or Israel? Depends on WHEN you ask. . . BEFORE 1948 AFTER 1948

Can BOTH flags fly in the same region? Palestinian – Arab Flag Israeli – Jewish Flag

The United Nations in 1947 created a plan to create a Palestinian State and a Jewish State.

So, what has happened between THEN (1947) and NOW (2008)?

Arab-Israeli Wars Why are they still fighting?

1948 - First War • Arab Palestinians REJECT the partition plan and creation of Israel • Other Arab Muslim nations from the Middle East support the Palestinians • 1948 – First Arab-Israeli War (between Isreal & 6 other Arab Muslim nations in the Middle East) • Israel wins

1967 • Second Arab. Israeli War • “Six Days War” • Israel wins again

1973 Yom Kippur War • Third Arab-Israeli War • surprise attack on Yom Kippur (the Jewish holy day) • Egypt & Syria crossed the cease-fire lines in the Sinai & Golan Heights, which had been captured by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War[ • Israel defends it borders • Strangely. . . paves way for peace process

Let’s look at this map again

SS 7 H 2 c ESSENTIAL QUESTION Will the fighting between Arabs and Jews over the same holy land ever end? Concept: Conflict Creates Change

Conflict Creates Change & Conflict Resolution WAR 1948 - Independence War 1956 - Suez Canal Crisis 1967 - Six Days War 1972 - Munich Massacre 1973 - Yom Kippur War 1987 - 1 st Intifada 2000 - 2 nd Intifada 2006 -08 – 2 nd Lebanon War 2008 -2009 – Gaza War Countless massacres and suicide bombings PEACE 1964 – Creation of the PLO 1978 – Camp David Accords 1979 – Israel & Egypt peace treaty 1993 – Oslo Accords 1994 – Israel & Jordan peace treaty 2006 – Cease Fire between Syria, Lebanon, and Israel

The P. L. O. (Palestine Liberation Organization) was formed to • Protect the rights of Palestinian refugees • Provide political leadership • Get rid of Israel by force • Create a country for the Palestinian Arabs Yassir Arafat

Why would Israel NOT accept the formula for peace according to the map on the right?

Important People • • • Bill Clinton- US President helped negotiate peace between Israel and PLO in 1993. Jimmy Cater- US President helped negotiate Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt in 1979. Yitzhak Rabin- Israel prime minister part of peace agreement with PLO. Later assassinated by Israeli extremist. Anwar Sadat-Egyptian president part of Camp David Accords. 1 st time Arabs recognized Israel politically. Later assassinated by Muslim extremist against peace. Gamal Abdel Nasser- Egyptian president 1954 -1970 nationalized Suez Canal for Egypt to help pay for Aswan High Dam. This led to Suez Crisis in 1956. Saddam Hussein- Former dictator of Iraq. Invasion of Kuwait led to Persian Gulf War. My government was overthrown during Operation Iraqi Freedom. I was hung for my crimes against humanity. George Bush- US President formed coalition of counteies to get Iraq out of Kuwait. Commander and chief during Persian Gulf War. Menachem Begin-Israel prime minister part of Camp David Accords. I agreed to give Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt in exchange 4 peace. James Authur Balfour- Represented British Government stating support for Zionism and home state for Jews back to holy land Yasser Arafat- Leader of PLO until death 2004 {Responsible for Terrorist attacks} Helped negotiate peace agreement with Israel won Nobel Peace Prize 1994.

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