Sputnik 1 Kapitonov. D. Shpakov. A. 8 M clacc
• The total value of Sputnik 1 of • Sputnik 1 (Russian: "Cпутник-1" ], "Satellite-1", ПС 1 (PS-1, i. e. "Простейший Спутник-1", or Elementary Satellite-1)) was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. The surprise success precipitated the American. Sputnik crisis, began the Space Age and triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.
• Time and flight status • Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No. 1/5, at the 5 th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome). The satellite travelled at about 29, 000 kilometers per hour, taking 96. 2 minutes to complete each orbit. It transmitted on 20. 005 and 40. 002 MHz[4] which were monitored by amateur radio operators throughout the world. The signals continued for 22 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on 26 October 1957. Sputnik 1 burned up on 4 January 1958, as it fell from orbit upon reentering Earth's atmosphere, after travelling about 60 million km and spending 3 months in orbit.
Satellite construction project The history of the Sputnik 1 project dates back to 17 December 1954, when Sergei Korolev addressed Dimitri Antoniou, The history of the 1 project dates back to 17 December 1954, when Sergei Korolev addressed Dimitri Antoniou, then Minister of Defence Industries, proposing the development of an Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. Korolev also forwarded Ustinov a report by Mikhail Tikhonravov with an overview of similar projects abroad. Tikhonravov emphasized that an artificial satellite is an inevitable stage in the development of rocket equipment in 1951, after which "interplanetary communication" would become possible. On 29 July 1955 the U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced, through his press secretary, that the United States would launch an artificial satellite during the International Geophysical Year (IGY). A week later, on 8 August the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU approved the idea of creating an artificial satellite. On 30 August Vasily Ryabikov – the head of the State Commission on R-7 rocket test launches – held a meeting where Korolev presented calculation data for a spaceflight trajectory to the Moon. They decided to develop a threestage version of the R-7 rocket for satellite launches. This metal arming key is the last remaining piece of the first Sputnik satellite. It prevented contact between the batteries and the transmitter prior to launch. Currently on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. On 30 January 1956 the Council of Ministers approved practical work on an artificial Earth-orbiting satellite. This satellite, named "Object D", was planned to be completed in 1957– 58; it would have a mass of 1, 000 to 1, 400 kg (2, 200 to 3, 090 lb) and would carry 200 to 300 kg (440 to 660 lb) of scientific instruments. The first test launch of "Object D" was scheduled for 1957. According to that decision, work on the satellite was to be divided between institutions as follows: USSR Academy of Sciences was responsible for the general scientific leadership and research instruments supply USSR Academy of Sciences was responsible for the general scientific leadership and research instruments Ministry of Defence Industry and its main executor OKB-1 were assigned the task of creating the satellite as a special carrier for scientific research instruments carrier for scientific research Ministry of Radiotechnical Industry would develop the control system, radio/technical instruments and Ministry of Radiotechnical Industry would develop the control system, radio/ technical instruments and the telemetry system the telemetry Ministry of Ship Building Industry would develop gyroscope devices Ministry of Ship Building Industry would develop gyroscope Ministry of Machine Building would develop ground launching, refueling and transportation means Ministry of Machine Building would develop ground launching, refueling and transportation Ministry of Defence was responsible for conducting launches Ministry of Defence was responsible for conducting
► This metal arming key is the last remaining piece of the first Sputnik satellite. It prevented contact between the batteries and the transmitter prior to launch. Currently on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
