SPHERE the high contrast challenge Markus Kasper

SPHERE – the high contrast challenge Markus Kasper, ESO, 27 Nov 09 1

Outline SPHERE project history Ø The mission Ø The concept Ø Demonstrations Ø Now and soon Ø ESO, 27 Nov 09 2

From the start… 2 Phase A studies led by MPIA and LAOG: 2003 – 2004 Phase A review Dec 2004 Major Merger: 2005 – 2006 (consortium agreement issue 1, Dec 2006) ESO, 27 Nov 09 3

SPHERE project structure Ø VLT 2 nd generation instrument for Exoplanets Ø Consortium: LAOG, LAM, LESIA, LUAN, MPIA, Padova University, Obs. Geneve, ETH Zuerich, ASTRON and ONERA Ø Passed FDR in Dec 2008, now in MAIT phase Ø Many critical components (DM+driver, WFS CCD, IR detectors, large common path optics) already in house Ø Commissioning and 1 st light in summer 2011, in less than 2 years!! ESO, 27 Nov 09 4

Possible exoplanets, directly imaged GJ 758, Thalmann et al 2009 HR 8799, Marois et al 2008 Lagrange et al. ESO, 27 Nov 09 2009 5

Science objectives Stars - BDs Large Surveys BDs - Planets Radial Velocity HC & HAR Imaging Transits μ Lensing ESO, 27 Nov 09

SPHERE features Ø High contrast detection capability l l l Ø Characterization l l l Ø Contrast Gain up to 5 mag wrt current instrumentation (10 -6 -10 -7) Extreme AO (SR ~ 90% in H-band) Coronagraphy at small inner working angles: 0. 1 – 3 Spectral Differential imaging (IRDIS, IFS) Polarimetric Differential imaging (ZIMPOL) Polarimetry (IRDIS, ZIMPOL) Medium resolution Long-Slit spectroscopy (R~500 in range 0. 95 – 2. 32 microns, IRDIS) Low resolution spectroscopy (R~50, IFS, IRDIS) Classical imaging at high Strehl ratios (IRDIS, ZIMPOL) ESO, 27 Nov 09 7

The concept ESO, 27 Nov 09 8

Concept overview Beam control DM, TTs 40 x 40 SH-WFS in visible 1. 2 KHz, RON < 1 e- λ = 0. 5 – 0. 9 µm - Fo. V = 3. 5” 0. 95 – 1. 65 µm Fo. V = 1. 77” ALC, 4 QPMs, Lyot, Slits IR –TT sensor Nasmyth platform, static bench, Temperature control, cleanliness control Active vibration control ESO, 27 Nov 09 0. 95 – 2. 32 µm - Fo. V = 12. 5’’

SPHERE implementation CPI De-rotator HWP 2 HWP 1 ITTM Polar Cal DM NIR ADC VIS ADC DTTS VIS corono ZIMPOL WFS NIR corono DTTP IRDIS ESO, 27 Nov 09 IFS 10

Spectral Differential Imaging (SDI) Lenzen paper NACO, Close et al. 2003 ESO, 27 Nov 09 11

Angular Differential Imaging (ADI) NACO at Nasmyth of VLT (Alt-Az) -> pupil and field rotate at different speeds Standard: Rotate NACO to stabilize field PA New option: Rotate NACO to stabilize pupil (and diffraction pattern and quasi-static speckles) ESO, 27 Nov 09 12

Instrument modes ESO, 27 Nov 09

IRDIS / IFS performances ESO, 27 Nov 09

ZIMPOL performance ESO, 27 Nov 09

Predicted Science Output MC simulations (MESS, Bonavita et al. ) Ø Modeled planet population or extrapolated RV distribution Ø Model planet brightness (thermal, reflected, albedo, phase angle, …) Ø Match statistics with RV results Mordasini et al. (2009) Nearby stars (<20 pc) ESO, 27 Nov 09 Young stars (<5 108 yrs) 16

Science objectives Stars - BDs Large Surveys BDs - Planets Radial Velocity HC & HAR Imaging Transits μ Lensing ESO, 27 Nov 09

XAO with HOT Developed at ESO in collaboration with Arcetri and Durham Univ. Ø H-band Strehl ratios ~90% in 0. 5 seeing (SPIE 2008, Esposito et al. & Aller-Carpentier et al. ) correcting 8 -m aperture for ~600 modes Ø Aller-Carpentier, proc. AO 4 ELT ESO, 27 Nov 09

XAO coronagraphy with HOT Martinez et al. , submitted to A&AL Good agreement with SPHERE simulations ESO, 27 Nov 09 19

CP bench aka piano ESO, 27 Nov 09

CP dampers ESO, 27 Nov 09

CP mounts and stages ESO, 27 Nov 09

Toric mirrors All toric finished Ø TM 1&TM 2 in specs Ø New TM 3 started Ø ESO, 27 Nov 09

Cabinets and cooling systems ESO, 27 Nov 09

Calibration sources ESO, 27 Nov 09

CODE/HODM testing ESO, 27 Nov 09 26

WFS ESO, 27 Nov 09 ASTRON, 16/17 Nov 200927

OCAM with LA ESO, 27 Nov 09

IFS ESO, 27 Nov 09

Opto - mechanics Layout ESO, 27 Nov 09

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IFS camera ESO, 27 Nov 09 32

IRDIS status: MFG Progress ESO, 27 Nov 09

ZIMPOL Mark Downing (ESO), Peter Steiner (ETH) and Charlotte installing eng. detector system ESO, 27 Nov 09

ZIMPOL, 1 st light ESO, 27 Nov 09

Project Schedule started in May 2001 Phase-A, Consortium selection, PDR… December 2008: Final Design Review Jan. -Dec. 2009: Procurement / Manufacturing Oct. 2009 – June 2010: Sub-systems AIT July 2010 – February 2011: Global system AIT Feb. -March 2011: Preliminary Acceptance Europe May-End 2011: Commissioning Early 2012: Beginning of science operation ESO, 27 Nov 09

Review Passed ESO, 27 Nov 09 37