Speech communities http linda 6035 ucoz ru

Speech communities http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

The aim: • To form the general concept about speech community. The objectives : • To give full definition of speech community and introduce with history; • Show the main factors of speech community; • Decribe the important of speech community. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

The plan: • What is the speech community? • Full definition of speech community. • The history. • Types of aspects of speech community. • Types of networks. • Conclusion. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

A speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. It is a group of people who share similar ideas, uses, and norms of language. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon, distinct social groups like high school students or hip hop fans (see f. eg. ghetto lingo), or even tight-knit groups like families and friends. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums, often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group's special purposes and priorities. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

History of the concept The adoption of the concept speech community as a focus of linguistic analysis emerged in the 1960 s. This was due to the pioneering work by William Labov, whose studies of language variation in New York City and Martha's Vineyard laid the groundwork for sociolinguistics as a social science. His studies showed that not only were class and profession clearly related to language variation within a speech community (e. g. Martha's Vineyard), but that socio-economic aspirations and mobility were also of great importance. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

Exactly how to define "speech community" is debated in the literature. Definitions of speech community tend to involve varying degrees of emphasis on the following: *Shared community membership *Shared linguistic communication http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

Language variety: refers to a set of communicative forms and norms for their use that are restricted to a particular group, community or activities They use the language according to a set of norms to share enough characteristics of pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

The notion of speech community is most generally used as a tool to define a unit of analysis within which to analyse language variation and change. Stylistic features differ among speech communities based on factors such as the group's socioeconomic status, common interests and the level of formality expected within the group and by its larger society. In Western culture, for example, employees at a law office would likely use more formal language than a group of teenage skateboarders because most Westerners expect more formality and professionalism from practitioners of law than from an informal circle of adolescent friends. This special use of language by certain professions for particular activities is known in linguistics as register; in some analyses, the group of speakers of a register is known as a discourse community, while the phrase "speech community" is reserved for varieties of a language or dialect that speakers inherit by birth or adoption. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

speech norm - the unstated rules for use of a language that are shared by members of a speech community social network - the social relationships that exists among all of the members of a given group; the analysis of social networks addresses this problem by analyzing more closely the complex nature of social relationships and the language patterns associated with those relationships http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

open network: provides open access to its users. Information is often new and of importance, a (serious) blogger and visitors of blog. Network Relationships closed network: mostly strong ties. Information that flows in those networks tends to be redundant and inefficient. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

What aspects may cause you to belong in a speech community & not in another? • Age • Education • Religion • Gender • Ethnicity/ Race • Occupation • Social class • Family http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

Slang Words that are not a part of standard vocabulary or language and are used informally are called slang. These words are mostly used in speech rather than in writing. Slang can be divided into four different types; country slang, urban slang, gay slang and common slang. Country slang is used by those who are in the rural parts of a country, while urban slang is spoken by those from the city or by African-Americans. Gay slang is used by gays, bisexual, homosexuals or transsexuals. Common slang is used by almost everybody. Every culture and every region has its own slang. Some of these include American slang, Costa Rican slang, Spanish slang and South African slang. English regions such as Wales, Ireland Scotland also have their own slang. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

Jargon and Slang Jargon sometimes is wrongly confused with slang and people often take it in the same sense but a difference is always there. Jargon, on the other hand, is broadly associated with a subject, occupation or business that makes use of standard words or phrases frequently comprising of abbreviations e. g. HTH, LOL. However, unlike slang, its terms are developed and composed deliberately for the convenience of a specific section of society. We can see the difference in two sentences given below. A. B. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/ Did you hook up with him? (Slang) Getting on a soapbox (Jargon)

However, the relative importance and exact definitions of these also vary. Some would argue that a speech community must be a 'real' community, i. e. a group of people living in the same location (such as a city or a neighborhood), while more recent thinking proposes that all people are indeed part of several communities (through home location, occupation, gender, class, religious belonging, and more), and that they are thus also part of simultaneous speech communities. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

Similarly, what shared linguistic communication entails is also a variable concept. Some would argue that a shared first language, even dialect, is necessary, while for others the ability to communicate and interact (even across language barriers) is sufficient. The underlying concern in both of these is that members of the same speech community should share linguistic norms. That is, they share understanding, values and attitudes about language varieties present in their community. While the exact definition of speech community is debated, there is a broad consensus that the concept is immensely useful, if not crucial, for the study of language variation. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/

Conclusion It is important to remember that group is a relative concept with respect to speech community. Also that an individual belongs to various speech communities, at the same time, but he/she will identify with only one of them. There is a link between structures of economic, social and political power and the use of language. That variation of the use of language is linked to other social systems of organization. http: //linda 6035. ucoz. ru/