Space Weather and Space Situational Awareness UK s

Space Weather and Space Situational Awareness : UK’s national assets Mike Hapgood STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (mike. hapgood@stfc. ac. uk)

Context • Asked to do this by BNSC, but is personal view – Will feedback to BNSC – Note that BNSC is coordinating body – Does not (yet? ) provide space leadership/agency • Snapshot based on personal knowledge and survey of contacts – Will be incomplete – UK assets are diverse – spread across university, government bodies and industry – Limited overlap with SSA inputs

UK space weather expertise BGS Bradford Sheffield Lancaster UCLan Aberystwyth Qineti. Q (iono) RAL Bath Qineti. Q (space) Met Office Southampton Nottingham Leicester BAS ICL + UCL BAE Systems Surrey MSSL Sussex

Modelling assets These include: • Thermospheric GCMs (UCL, also Met Office) • Assimilative ionospheric model (Qineti. Q) • MIDAS ionospheric tomography/data assimilation model (Bath) • Atmospheric radiation model, spacecraft internal charging, modelling radiation shielding (Qineti. Q) • Automated Solar Activity Prediction Tool ( Bradford) • International Geomagnetic Reference Field (led by BGS) • Kinetic modelling of coronal mass ejections (RAL) Image: courtesy UCL

Space weather monitoring (typically 24/7) These include: • Magnetometer networks (BGS, Lancaster, BAS) • Ionosondes (RAL, QQ, BAS) • GPS TEC & scintillation (Nottingham, Bath, QQ) • Super. DARN (BAS, Leicester) • Riometers (Lancaster) • Ground station (RAL) Image: courtesy U. Leicester • All are UK inputs to international data exchange

Why international data exchange matters: an example Operational products Service provider (Ionospheric modelling) Sees Operator UK ionosonde measurements Does not see e. g. space surveillance, tactical comms, US military data centre (AFWA) Other data providers US civil data centre (NOAA) UK data centre (RAL)

Space sensor technology This includes: • High-res space cameras (RAL) – STEREO (HI, EUVI, COR) – SDO (AIA, HMI) – SMEI and GOES? • Energetic particles (MSSL, RAL) – Cluster, Cosmic Visions • Radiation dose (Qineti. Q, Surrey) Image: STFC/RAL – Shuttle, Concorde, Giove, … • Magnetic field (ICL) – Cluster, Cosmic Visions, cubesat Image: ESA

Data assets • UK Solar System Data Centre (RAL) – data & models for solar and STP studies – World Data Centre C 1 for STP • CSDSweb (RAL) – Magnetospheric near-realtime conditions using Cluster • World Data Centre for Geomagnetism (BGS) • Aurora. Watch UK (Lancaster)

Campaign assets • Solar spectroscopy (RAL, MSSL, Cambridge, …) – Instruments: SOHO/CDS, Hinode/EIS – Atomic databases: ADAS and CHIANTI • Interplanetary scintillation Aberystwyth) – EISCAT+Merlin • Magnetosphere (ICL, MSSL, Sheffield, RAL) – Cluster • Thermospheric winds (UCL) • Ionospheric tomography (Aberystwyth, Bath) • Aurora precipitation ASK (Southampton) • Oblique sounding (Leicester, QQ) • + others