Space Technology 5 Tomorrow s Technology Today GSFC Section

Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” GSFC Section 19. 0 Combined Ground System Irene Bibyk Ground System Manager ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001

GSFC Agenda • Introduction • Mission Operation Center Integration • Ground Data System - ASIST • Ground Station/Network – Flight Dynamics • ST 5 Technology Demonstration - Sat. Track • Risk Mitigation ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -2

Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” GSFC Introduction ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -3

ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 Final FPD Draft FPD Fin FOP Final DMR Draft FOP Final OCD Review OCD 9/03 6/03 3/03 12/02 9/02 6/02 3/02 12/01 9/01 6/01 12/15/03 MRR FOR MOR CDR PDR SIM GROUP 2 SIM GROUP 1 Launch Network Test-3 Compat. Test-4 Launch Dress Rehearsal Network Test-1 Compat. Test-2 Msn Readiness Test-7& 8 Compat. Test-30 Msn Readiness Test-9 & 10 Tech. Aliveness Test-3 SIM GROUP 3 Network Test-2 Msn Readiness Test-3 Msn Readiness Test-4 Msn Readiness Te. ST 5 Compat. Test-1 Tech. Aliveness Test-2 Msn Readiness Test-6 Msn Readiness Test-2 Msn Readiness Test-1 Tech. Aliveness Test-1 GSFC Combined Ground System & Operations 19 -4

GSFC Documentation • Operations Concept Document - Preliminary complete – Flight Operations Plan – Flight Procedures Document – Launch & Early Orbit Handbook • Detailed Mission Requirements Document - Preliminary complete – ASIST ICD - Heritage from MAP & EO-1 – FD ICD • Sat. Track Requirements Document - Complete – Sat. Track Statement of Work - Complete – Sat. Track ICD • Ground Station Requirements Document - Complete – Ground Station Statement of Work - Preliminary complete – Ground Station RF ICD ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -5

GSFC Major Milestones ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -6

Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” GSFC Mission Operation Center Integration ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -7

GSFC Requirements/Approach • The GDS shall provide interface support for the Autonomous Network Scheduling and Orbit Determination S/W (MRD 30401000) – ASIST shall interface with Sat. Track via a TCP/IP socket for ascii file transfer • The mission shall be capable of supporting “lights out” operations (MRD 30500000) – Standard GSFC automation approach with ASIST and SERS, except for the addition of the ST 5 tech demo of Sat. Track • Approach – In-house mission operations center will be co-located with one of the existing MOCs in Bldg. 14, such as MAP, TRACE or EO-1 • Heritage system in an existing facility will reduce risk and save money by taking advantage of security perimeter, redundant utilities and communications. (Note: FOT and systems are not planned to be shared) – FOT training and control center checkout to occur during I&T ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -8

Data Flow Diagram GSFC GPS - Ranging - Data transfer - Science event GSFC-site ST 5 Experimenter Operations Center ST 5 Mission Operations Center EARTH Real. Time System - Uplink/Downlink on X-Band - Two way Doppler Tracking Offline System RTADS (L&EO) -Near Real. Time Attitude Determination for Launch & Early Orbit - Maneuver Planning RTADS (Nominal) - Sun sensor - Magnetometer N I S N Ground Station T r a c k i n g O r b it P r e d Recorder Data/VC# Real time Data/VC# Commands/VC# Data - Exp Planning - Instrument Eval - Experiment Data Processing - Attitude ASIST - Telemetry Monitoring - Command Load & Uplink - Data Storage - Limit Checking - Events Monitor - Automated STOL Proc Exec MMFD/Nom Ops -Bldg 28 - Orbit Predict - Predicted Orbit A t t i t u d e Telemetry Commands Mission Planning System O r b it T r a c k i n g VMOC Data Server Auto-STOL Proc/Status ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 Skytel Paging Service JPL CCNT Ground System Planning Aids NASA Integrated Services Network Magnetometer (ASIST Assoc) Sat. Track/Tech Demo - Automated Ground Station Scheduling and - Orbit Determination PAGE FOT 19 -9

Mission Readiness Test Flow GSFC Three Series of Tests (Flat. Sat, S/C No. 1, Constellation) Jan’ 03 - Apr’ 03 May’ 03 - Jul’ 03 S/C No. 2 & No. 3 Integration & Test Aug’ 02 - Oct’ 02 S/C No. 1 Integration & Test May’ 02 - Oct’ 02 Flat. Sat Test Series - Basic Timing Test -MOC Set-up Test - Tlm & Cmd Processing Test - Tech Data Validation Test -Cmd Management Test S/C No. 2 & No. 3 Environmental Tests Nov’ 02 - Mar’ 03 S/C No. 1 Enviromental Tests Apr’ 03 - Jun’ 03 Nov’ 02 - Mar’ 03 S/C No. 1 Test Series - Basic Timing Test No. 2 Tech Aliveness Test No. 2 - PTP Validation Test - RF Compatibility Test(Pre-TV) - Basic Timing Test No. 2 (in TV) - RF Compatibility Test (Post-TV) Constellation Test Series - RF Compatibility Tests (No. 2&No. 3 - Pre-TV) - Technology Aliveness Test No. 3 - Comprehensive Timing Test No. 3 - FINAL End - to - End Test (Cmd & Tlm Test) Apr’ 03 - Jun’ 03 Ground Segment Test Series Aug’ 02 Feb’ 03 Simulation No. 1 (Flat. Sat) Simulation No. 2 S/C 1 (Env) with Flat. Sat and/or S/C No. 1 - TT&C Ground Station Tests Mission Planning & Scheduling Tests - Sat. Track Lights-out Test Comprehensive Ground Station Test - Mission Science Data Processing Test ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 Jul’ 03 Simulation No. 3 S/C 2 & 3 (Env) 19 -10

GSFC Status • High level integrated schedule with I&T developed • H/W and S/W purchases (ASIST/FEDS) • I&T, Ops, subsystem staffing for I&T, Mission Readiness Tests and Mission Operations in work ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -11

Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” GSFC Ground Data System-ASIST ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -12

GSFC Requirements • The Mission shall validate the ability to take measurements and to handle the downlink and ground data processing of multiple data streams from multiple S/C (MRD 20300000) – New ASIST capability where the FEDS will contain multiple ingest cards and data streams will be sorted by S/C ID – Existing data interface protocols will be used with SERS, FD, MPSS, and new technologies (Sat. Track and CCNT) • The facility shall have the ability to connect with the vehicle(s) at both baseband (i. e. Hard-Line) and RF (MRD 10303080 supporting) – Heritage connection where the FEDS shall have the ability to connect to the vehicles during I&T • CCSDS recommendations shall apply to space/ground com channels and to basic space/ground services provided to instruments by the S/C (MRD 10303050) – CCSDS applications are heritage systems ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -13

GSFC Requirements/Approach • Time correlation between the S/C clock & Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) shall be known to within 5 msec sigma) (MRD 20500000 - supporting) (3 – Heritage from EO-1 for Return Data Delay (RDD) time correlation – Ground station will append the time each VC 0 CADU was received at the ground station to the internet protocol data unit (IPDU) header and the FEDS will read both S/C time and ground station time tag to determine S/C to UTC time difference • Approach: Heritage systems from IMAGE, EO-1 and MAP; ST 5 FSW re-using MAP FSW; ST 5 C&DH re-using MAP processor ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -14

I&T and Operations Command & Telemetry Flows GSFC CCNT Workstations ASIST Science Workstations I & T Only S/C Data System Bit Sync ASIST Primary Workstation I & T GSE ASIST Associate Workstations X- to S- Down Converter S-Band Rcvr I/F Box Diplexer FEDS R/T Buffer (S/W) Frame Sync (S/W) (CRC, RS) Time Code Card Digital History Data Storage (DHDS) S/C Test Connection RF Data HDS CLK X-Band Xponder PCI Serial I/O ACB 2 Packet Distribution System C & DH TSS 2000 Modulator BPSK S- to X- Up Converter S/C 1 Cmd Processor S/C 2 Gnd Stat I/F NISN Ground Station S/C 3 TCPIP Ops Only ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -15

GSFC Status • ASIST Workstation deliveries to FSW and GNC (for HDS) completed • FEDS (Front End Data System) in development for C&DH – Timing card will be included • FEDS and ASIST deliveries to Flat. Sat and FSW in first quarter FY 02 • Testing multiple ingest cards in FEDS • ASIST Build 9. 1 (some updates with multiple data streams) • Working data management and verification of crosslink data from CCNT ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -16

Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” GSFC Ground Station/Network ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -17

GSFC Requirements • The ground segment shall provide one 20 -minute contact window per S/C every orbit below 5 Re altitude (MRD 10801000) – For nominal operations, ground stations being required to provide 30 minutes of visibility for simultaneous data command, telemetry, and tracking, • Extra time added for link acquisition and margin – Stations must be compatible with new ST 5 technology transponder; sweep, acquire and lock as listed in the ground station requirements specification – Data recovery goal for ground station is 90% (space to ground), in support of technology and science validation requirements minimum of 70% of on-orbit generated data constellation in total shall be received by the ground (MRD 10800000 - supporting) ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -18

GSFC Requirements • The ground station network shall provide X-band command uplink capability, in at least 1 station (MRD 10104041) – 2 stations are highly desirable for more coverage with orbit uncertainties and as a back-up station – Nominal operations may be capable to work with a less-thanonce-per-orbit uplink command window (i. e. , every 2 nd/3 rd pass) • Time correlation (update S/C clock), tracking and operational scenarios will determine the uplink contact frequency • The system uplink data rate shall be 1 Kbps. (MRD 10303061 - supporting) – New X-band equipment required, but data rate is not challenging ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -19

GSFC Requirements • The S/C shall have 2, ground selectable, downlink data rates: 1 Kbps (2 Ksps) and 100 Kbps (200 Ksps) (MRD 10303063 - supporting) – The S/C shall be capable of supporting the high rate downlink to a communications range of 5 Re. (MRD 10303065 - supporting) – The S/C shall be able to support the low data rate downlink at any point in the orbit (MRD 10303066 - supporting) • The ground station shall be capable of performing Doppler tracking in support of orbit determination (MRD 10301020) – The system radiometric Doppler tracking accuracy shall be sufficient to support ground antenna pointing at distances of 2 to 5 Re. (MRD 10301011 supporting) • Ground station oscillator must be stable enough to support – The system shall be capable of supporting the mission using only oneway Doppler measurements from the S/C (10301012 - supporting) • Transponder oscillator will determine performance ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -20

GSFC Orbit Scenario Nominal Operations Total contact time required per orbit: ~90 mins (1. 5 hrs) Range limited between 2 - 5 Re for simultaneous: - Recorder downlink at 100 kbps (range limiting factor) - Real-time downlink at 1 kbps - Command uplink at 1 kbps - Two-way Doppler tracking Apogee @ ~5: 15 5 Re @ ~7: 08 L&EO: No time specs, need schedule flexibility Any Point in Orbit for simultaneous: - Real-time downlink at 1 kbps - Command uplink at 1 kbps - Two-way Doppler tracking 2 hrs&24 mins 144 mins 5 Re @ ~3: 22 2 Re @ ~9: 32 Perigee @ ~10: 31 2 Re @ ~0: 58 Perigee @ ~0: 00 ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 Notes (for s/c illustration): All attitude and orientations not to scale S/C and antenna beam not to scale S/C distances not to scale 19 -21

Orbit Analysis - Preliminary GSFC Assumptions: Apogee at ascending node, perigee at descending node, Epoch December, Antenna spinning 86 -40ºoff boresight, inclination of 25 º, eclipse not included L&EO Req: Flexibility to ensure H&S C/O----> Nominal Operations Req: 180 mins/day ----> ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -22

GSFC Requirements • Ground station-received AGC levels in addition to autotracking antenna angles shall be provided (MRD 10104024) – Ground stations to provide data each pass in support of transponder performance validation • Information is currently available today - no changes • Time correlation between the S/C clock and UTC shall be known to within 5 msec (3 sigma) (MRD 20500000 - supporting) – Telemetry received by the ground network shall be time tagged to an accuracy of at least 1 msec (3 sigma) of UTC (20504000) • With today’s GPS H/W at the ground stations, this can be accomplished easily ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -23

GSFC Approach • Modify an existing station network to support ST 5 – Many existing stations have S-band transmitter with an X-band receiver and the receiver is compatible with ST 5 transponder – DSN only station network with X-band transmitter and receiver (not planning to use DSN for ST 5 Operations) ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -24

GSFC Status • Requirements document (ST 5 -495 -052) completed • SOW (ST 5 -495 -064) and Task Order in process • Preliminary visibility analysis completed • Major Milestones – Ground station (commercial or government) on board - August 2001 – Ground Station ICD - December 2001 – RF Compatibility tests - November 2002 – MRT- Operational Readiness - May 2003 ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -25

Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” GSFC Flight Dynamics ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -26

Approach GSFC • Pre-launch-develop and verify tracking method – Pre-launch support for 2 -way Doppler tracking requirement definition and verification – Post launch, MMFD located in Bldg 28 (GSFC) is prime for OD support at launch and during nominal mission operations • Orbit determination within 10 km for ground antenna pointing – An 11 -m ground antenna at a distance of 2 Re from S/C, orbit position knowledge of 24 Km (3 sigma) or a deviation of no more than 8 Km (1 sigma) • Maneuver support during launch and early orbit – Attitude and orbit determination • Attitude and orbit product generation – Products required throughout operations ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -27

GSFC Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” Autonomous Network Scheduling and Orbit Determination S/W Requirements ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -28

GSFC Technology Demonstration • Technology Provider - Bester Tracking Systems, Inc. • Technology Description – Future Ground Operations Automation for Constellations Enabling Technology • S/W tool to perform autonomously • Ground station scheduling and orbit determination • Experience – 1 st revision to be used on HESSI • HESSI uses GSFC’s ITOS ground system • Technology Readiness Level => Currently: 4 (Sat. Track) => Currently: 2 (New tools) => Phase D: 7 – Ground station schedule conflict resolution • Station view periods, dynamic link margin, S/C emergencies, time constrains – Flight Dynamics Requirements • Includes comprehensive products such as orbit determination, mission planning products, state vectors, real-time graphic & alphanumeric displays ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -29

GSFC Requirements • The system shall validate the Autonomous Network Scheduling and Orbit Determination S/W (MRD 10108000) – In addition to actual assets for the mission (i. e. 3 S/C and 2 ground stations), a set of virtual assets (i. e. both S/C and ground stations) shall be simulated and supplied to the Autonomous Network Scheduling and Orbit Determination S/W for processing (MRD 10108020) – Flight validation of the Autonomous Network Scheduling and Orbit Determination S/W shall be accomplished through comparison of the generated output with standard orbit determination S/W and manual ground resource scheduling techniques (MRD 10108010) – Anomalous operation of the Autonomous Network Scheduling and Orbit Determination S/W shall not degrade the operation of the S/C (MRD 10108040) ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -30

ST 5 Mission Operations Scenario of 3 real and 97 virtual satellites GSFC ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -31

GSFC Data Flow for Sat. Track Validation Multi-Mission Flight Dynamics Ground Station(s) Tracking Data Orbit Determination Mission Planning Product Generation Schedules Commands Telemetry ASIST/FEDS Sat. Track Commanding Telemetry Monitoring Data Storage Automated STOL Procedure Initiation Status feedback Orbit Determination Mission Planning Product Generation Command Loads Ground Station Scheduling Mission Planning / Scheduling System Mission Planning Load Generation Mission Planning Products Ground Station Scheduling ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -32

GSFC Sat. Track S/W Technology • Used for efficient management and Autonomous Operation of a Satellite Constellation – Autonomous scheduling of ground station contacts • Calculate station access based on number of constraints (line-of-sight, geometry, link margin) – Calculate priorities to resolve conflicts based on various input parameters • data volumes, station capability & availability, science requirements, S/C emergencies, operator overrides, etc. – Autonomous Orbit Determination • Derive updated state vectors from angle & range rate measurements • Verify & archive new state vectors • Generate mission planning products with new state vectors ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -33

GSFC Sat. Track Status • Status – Requirements document (ST 5 -495 -046) completed – SOW (ST 5 -495 -045) completed, waiting for proposal • Major Milestones – S/W delivery 1 (Orbit Determination Tool)-July 2002 – S/W delivery 2 (Automated Scheduling Tool)-February 2003 – Mission Readiness Test-April 2003 ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -34

Space Technology 5 “Tomorrow’s Technology Today” GSFC Risk Mitigation ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -35

GSFC Risk Mitigation • Risk: No ground stations are currently compatible with ST 5 transponder which lead to uncertainties with costs and schedule for upgrades – Mitigation: CSOC has identified potential vendors with a fixed-price cost estimate • Risk: Actual launch scenario not fully defined resulting in ground system uncertainty – Mitigation: Concerned about ground station visibility to meet requirements for L&EO, tracking, health & safety, and data recovery – Preliminary analysis has identified visibility against typical launch scenario • Risk: Staffing in the timeframe prior & during S/C No. 2 & No. 3 flow – Mitigation: Relying on subsystem personnel to supplement Mission Operations activities – Relying on an existing GSFC MOC facility with most interfaces for Mission Operations in place ST 5 PDR June 19 -20, 2001 19 -36