South Carolina Mini-Bogs September 19 2008 Mike Creel, Lexington, South Carolina mikeacreel@yahoo. com
Credits and Biography This program on bog gardening in South Carolina was prepared by Mike Creel of Lexington, South Carolina, and presented in a workshop format as part of the program during "Off the Beaten Path, " a symposium of the South Carolina Native Plant Society held Saturday October 17, 2009, at Poinsett State Park near Wedgefield, South Carolina. Bog Gardening with Mike Creel was presented as a 1 -5 p. m. concurrent workshop among other activities. Participants learned how to plan and prepare a bog garden. Mike narrate this Power. Point presentation on the how-to of bog building, siting, planting and maintenance. Some small established container bogs can be viewed and one mini-bog will be planted. Handouts included lists of plants to use, plants to avoid and plant sources. Mike included a brief demonstration of Creel. Way propagation, showing how to stick cuttings and plant seeds outdoors in homemade mini-greenhouses made from recycled materials. Mike Creel, a journalist by trade, worked more than 35 years for South Carolina’s natural resources agencies. He has written many articles about native plants for South Carolina Wildlife magazine. In the early 1980 s he began to realize that nurseries were not propagating many of the best natives, so he invented simple new methods called Creel. Way propagation, which used recycled materials and worked outdoors with no greenhouse. He discovered an entirely new native azalea (Rhododendron eastmanii published as species in 1999) and has a growing list of new native varieties to his credit. He conducted highly popular propagation workshops at Cullowhee in 2004, 2005 2006 and 2009. For the past few years he and his wife Dena have extended their interests to growing bog plants and making both container “minibogs” and one large in-ground bog.
Plan Your Mini-Bog • • Study books, articles, websites Find a suitable container & sunny site Find media - pine mini-nuggets, coarse sand Find sources of bog plant species Avoid invasive plants, like cattails and horsetail Check nurseries for carnivorous plants, etc. Get container, media & plants before planting
It started with a Bird Bath January 27, 2006
Mini-Bog Begins April 4, 2007
Mini-Bog’s First Two flowers May 15, 2007
Minibog shining June 28, 2007
Mini-Bog Growing Stronger August 13, 2007
Sarracenia Minor October 1, 2007
Mini-Bog Joins a Community October 3, 2007
Mini-bog Spiranthes Show October 27, 2007
Stokesia Mary Gregory Debuts June 7, 2009
Hymenocallis Show July 5, 2008
First Autumn Sept. 19, 2008
Mini-Bog Year 3 Bog Buttons May 27, 2009
Another Autumn Show September 25, 2009
Slowing down for Winter October 6, 2009
Planting Your Mini-Bog • In full sun for best growth or forested edge • Container 3 - 5 " deep filled to brim, drain plugged • Mix 3 to 4 parts of pine bark pieces (2. 5” or less) with one part of coarse, washed sand • Wet mini-bog thoroughly, let settle several days • Place plants shallow, near the surface, water in • A community of pitcherplant, sundews, butterworts, bog buttons and small orchids is attractive • Use long fiber sphagnum (wetted) for ground cover • Shade Mudflower (Micranthemum umbrosum) is also a good ground cover • Plant well before frost so plants adjust outdoors
Choosing a Container Shallow and wide needed Depth 3 to 5 inches maximum Any drain hole plugged Media filled to top, just over Wet, soak several days
Choosing and Mixing Media Seek local sources of bark and sand Bark varies in size, wood fiber, compost Bark 1. 5 to 2. 5” with little wood fiber Sand must be clean, coarse, washed Three parts bark to one part sand A little mushroom compost in mix is OK Wetted media must soak, settle a few days before planting
Pine Bark Mini-nuggets VARY Natures Choice Mini-Nuggets Evergreen Mini-Nuggets Sims Bark Pine Mulch Coarse washed builders sand
Plant Selection for Mini-bogs • • • Avoid woody, invasive or large-growing ones Choose ones that clump, expand slowly, stay low For most pitcherplants one is enough Buy plants from reputable sources Don’t poach from wild bogs and wetlands Gather seeds or small plants with permission Share the offspring of your bog, don’t hoard Learn all you can and teach others Plant only those hardy for your growing zone Learn to effectively propagate
Most Pitcherplants are hardy here Sarracenia minor Dwarf Pitcherplant
A meat-eater with no close relatives Venus Flytrap Dionaea miscipula
A bug catcher with super glue Midleaf Sundew Drosera intermedia
Try Stokes Asters for multi-color array Stokesia laevis
Marsh Pinks clump and seed Sabbatia species
Nurseries need Sun Bonnets Chaptalia tomentosa
Barbara’s Buttons - Marshallia
Orange Milkwort, Threadleaf Sundew
Rose Pogonia Orchid
Grass Pink Orchid – Calapogon
Savannah Sneezeweed- Helenium vernale
Pipewort forms clumps Eriocaulon deangulare, compressum
Spiderlily - Hymenocallis
Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis
Macbridea caroliniana
Smooth Meadow Beauty Rhexia alifanus
South Carolina’s Wild Bogs • Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge in Chesterfield County has beautiful bog areas e. g. Oxpen Meadow • Shealey Pond Heritage Preserve in Lexington County harbors three pitcherplants species and more • Lynchburg Savannah in Lee County has wetlands with dwarf pitcherplants and many bog species • State heritage preserves from mountains to sea are described in the South Carolina Nature Viewing Guide • Many protected state, federal and other areas across SC are open to visitors for observation • Such places are great for education and photography
Shealey’s Pond Heritage Preserve
Sarracenia purpurea at Shealey Pond
Lynchburg Savannah Preserve
Sandhills National Wildlife Reserve
Sarracenia flava at Sandhills NWR
South Carolina’s Nature Viewing Guide Call SCDNR’s Wildlife Shop ---------1 -888 -644 -WILD (9453) - it's $15 South Carolina’s Nature Viewing Guide
Other Folks Container Bogs My first - now immovable - container bog started in early 2007 was a failed concrete bird bath. Since then I have made more “mini-bogs” for myself and for others like my son Allen, my friend Ellen Blundy and my sister-in-law Barbara Crosby. Each one is unique, no two alike, and all have been successful with minimal care. Plants were the offspring of earlier bog efforts. I included photos of effective container bogs that I did not make, like the extensive ones of Steffan Ploszak near Charlotte and a shallow birdbath bog at my friend Stanley Goff’s home on Black Creek in Lexington County who has many in-ground bogs.
Backyard of Steffan Ploszak near Charlotte
Mini-Bogs at my son’s Patio Home
Ellen Blundy’s First Mini-Bog
My sister-in-law’s fountain garden
A shallow birdbath pitcherplant bog
My smaller mini-bogs
Keeping Up Container Bogs • • • You are now gardening on a NEW planet Typical EARTH gardening is not allowed Potting soils, fertilizers, chemicals not allowed The planting media and container are priority Once weekly clean water or rain is needed Overly-chlorinated water can be harmful Regularly rout weedy plants Learn to recognize good seedlings, runners Divide & share over-crowded plants Study native bogs, read and think
Bog upkeep, weeding, propagation • • • Add clean water once a week if no rain Learn to recognize weeds & rout them out Learn to recognize babies, seedlings, runners Divide plants grown too large, share them Let desirable plants drop seed Collect good seeds too & share them Do not introduce pests like violets, irises Let biennials like Orange Milkwort drop seeds Observe and photograph regularly Invite and guide visitors to your bog
Butterwort and Babies Pinguicula primufolia
A closer view of Butterwort baby
Seed pod of Rose Pogonia Orchid
Spiranthes cernua flower & seeds
Living Sphagnum Moss
Shade Mudflower – Micranthemum umbrosum
Mudflower and Sphagnum
Bog Critters Will Find It! • Bogs large and small attract a variety of wildlife • Flying insects like dragonflies are most obvious in the air and perched seeking prey and mates • Amphibians like frogs, toads and salamanders come to eat and reproduce • All sorts of critters breed and reproduce there • Birds visit to collect bugs and nest materials
Dragonflies abound
Dragonfly takes risky perch
Bumblebee rests on Stokes Aster
Cricket Frog uses camouflage
Our Large In-Ground Bog When my increasingly large collection of bog plants in floating pots got too large for the family garden pond to accommodate, we had to do something, so my wife and I converted a barren area behind the pond to a rubber lined artificial bog which has now become a joy to watch, maintain, photograph and add things too. In February 2007 my wife and I started digging and leveling 12 inch deep hole as well as raising the sloping area around the bog area to make it level with the garden pond. The concluding several slide in this program illustrate the building project and the early maturing of the plants moved to the new large bog.
Poor Ground behind Pond April 25, 2007
Crowded Pond Prior to Bog September 16, 2007
Guardian Crane Seems Crowded February 15, 2008
Site Readied for New Bog March 6, 2009
Flagstones anchor rubber liner March 6, 2009
Now to add Media and Water March 6, 2009
Pond and Bog A Perfect Fit April 13, 2009
Walk borders Bog and Pond April 17, 2009
Guardian Crane has room now May 5, 2009
Growth shows in bog residents August 6, 2009
Low view of Pond and Bog August 19, 2009
Rain brings temporary flood September 14, 2009
Floating Plant Buoys • • Buy Great Stuff for large cracks spray insulation Drill extra 3/4 inch holes in rimmed rigid plastic pot Turn pot upside-down on wax paper on a flat, level surface Spray a ring of foam below pot rim building a collar couple of inches (or more) deep and wide • Do several pots at one time to use up all foam in the can. It is difficult to get the spray to work the second time. . • Wear safety glasses, use gloves and wear old clothes, because the foam is very sticky • Let foam dry overnight on the paper. Once dry it can be shaped to a more uniform size (underside mostly) if needed. Foam cures to a golden color in the sun.
Buoys for floating Mini-Bogs
Plant Buoys in the Garden Pond
A Visit to the Nursery for bog plants • • • Some nurseries carry bog & carnivorous plants. Most can order such plants at buyer request Pitcherplants (Sarracenias) are the most popular Some plants offered have pest potential Some plants offered are greenhouse only, not hardy Buy smaller plants to save money Buy pots containing multiple plants, divide later Look for new cultivars of species & hybrids Ask if plants are already outdoor conditioned or if they came directly from a greenhouse
Columbia, South Carolina Pitcherplants at Woodley’s Nursery
Judith Hindle Sarracenia Hybrid
Sarracenia purpurea montana
Venus Flytraps at Woodley’s
Tropical Sundew - greenhouse only
Nepenthes is greenhouse only
Carnivores at Woodley’s Nursey
Flytrap catches bug
Now Let’s Build a Mini-bog! I brought along a few established mini-bogs from my yard, including one I could hardly lift. Now let’s build a mini-bog here, and the winner of a drawing will take the finished bog home. The six pages at the end of this program are workshop notes (for printing out). I added a few photos taken during the workshop by a participant.
Powerpoint Remarks
A Creel. Way Domepot for Cuttings
Planting Container Bog – plants ready
Planting a Container Bog The Crowd Gets an Education
Now the Venus Flytrap & Butterwort
Final Touch – Adding Live Sphagnum
PLANTS FOR CONTAINER BOGS Even the best native plant nurseries have a limited selection of plants for container bogs. But you can find native wetland bog plants in big box stores. All varieties of native Stokes Aster (Stokesia laevis) are good bog plants. When seeking residents for your bog don't disturb wild bogs. Sometimes seeds may be collected with permission. Plant rescues are an acceptable opportunity for acquiring material. No woody plants are recommended though many shrubs and trees will thrive in bog situations and become too large for a community mini-bog unless grown alone. Spirea tomentosa is one example of a woody shrub that should have its own pot, which attracts seeds from smaller nearby bog plants. Avoid wetland iris species, cattails, violets, horsetail (Equisetum), Pickerelweed (Pontederia) and other aquatics. Dichromena latifolia (White Star Grass) is terrible. Most Rhexia species (Meadow Beauty) are too spreading in container bogs. I am testing Golden Clubs. Carnivorous plants hardy in the S. C. outdoors include all species of native pitcherplant (Sarracenia), Sundews (Drosera), Butterwort (Pinquicula) named varieties of Venus Flytrap. Reputable nurseries sell plants grown from tissue culture. A blue-flowered butterwort named Pinquicula primulifora is often found at the big box stores like Lowes. At nurseries select congested pots, which are easy to divide The next page is just a beginning list of the South Carolina native plants that can be grown and propagated in container bogs. I keep discovering new ones and testing them for their peskiness, show and longevity
Species for Container Bogs In South Carolina Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) varieties Pitcherplants (Sarracenia) Yellow pitcher plant (Sarracenia flava) Purple pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) Red pitcherplant (Sarracenia rubra) Dwarf Pitcherplant (Sarracenia minor) White-top PItcherplant (S. leucophylla) Parrot Pitcherplant (Sarracenia psittacina) Hybrid Sarracenias (varieties increasing) Sundew (Drosera intermedia, filiformis, etc. ) Butterwort (Pinguicula primufolia, caerulea, lutea, pumila, others) Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Blue lobelia (Lobelia sylphitica and others) Barbara's Buttons (Marshallia graminifolia, grandiflora) Bog Buttons or Hat Pins (Eriocaulon deangulare, compressum) Savannah Sneezeweed (Helenium vernale) Mac. Bride's Mint, (Macbridea caroliniana) White Birds In The Nest (Macbridea alba) Shade Mudflower (Micranthemum umbrosum) good groundcover Orange Milkwort (Polygala lutea, biennial) Marsh pink (Sabbatical species) Bog Ironweed (Vernonia acaulis) Smooth Meadow Beauty (Rhexia alifanus) Yellow Meadow Beauty (Rhexia lutea)) MOST RHEXIAS ARE TOO STOLONIFEROUS Colic root (Aletris lutea) Yellow summer flowers Yellow candyroot (Polygala lutea) Honeycomb Head (Balduina uniflora) Carolina Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia Caroliniana) Native Orchids White-fringed Orchid (Platanthera blephariglottis) Orange-fringed Orchid (Platanthera. ciliaris) Club-spur Orchid - P. clavellata) Grass Pink Orchid - Calopogon tuberosus Rose Pogonia - Pogonia ophioglossoides Pink Lady's Slipper - Cypripedium acaule DO NOT USE ENDANGERED ORCHIDS
Container Bog Calendar Planning-----------------------Study books, articles, websites about bog gardening, carnivorous plants Find a suitable container or site - shallow pansy planter, bird bath top, etc. Find local source of media components - pine bark mini nuggets, coarse washed sand Find sources of carnivorous and bog plant species that are not invasive, Make a list Avoid woody plants, cattails and horsetail (Equisetum) species Check for carnivorous and wetland plants with local nurseries, local hobby clubs Acquire container, media and plants shortly before planting Planting----------------------Time your planting well before frost to allow plants time to acclimate outdoors Site in fullest sun outdoor for best growth, edge of forest suitable Container should be 3 - 4 " deep filled to brim, any drain hole plugged Mix 3 to 4 parts of pine bark pieces (2" or less) with one part of coarse, washed sand Some bog gardens are 50 percent coarse sand mixed with 50 percent peat moss Wet mini-bog thoroughly, let set for several days for bark to fully absorb water Place plants in shallow holes, perched near the surface of media, water in A community of pitcherplant, sundews, butterworts, bog buttons. is attractive Long fiber sphagnum moss (wetted) is good for a ground cover, Shade Mudflower (Micranthemum umbrosum) is also a good ground cover Upkeep--------------------------Water bog once weekly if there has been no rain, No fertilizer is needed Inspect regularly for disturbance by animals and repair Check for invasive pest species, pull up without disturbing plan Check for seedlings and offshoots of desirable plants, use or share Trim off fully dead stems, collect seed heads or allow to drop Take photos through the seasons, look for insect, amphibian visitors Look for seeds, seedlings and natural offshoots of plants from your bog Share new plants & seeds with others, plant more bogs Join societies for gardening with carnivorous plants and wetland species Bog creatures a bonus, Backyard bogs restore lost diversity
GOOD READING & ORGANIZATIONS University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, carnivorous and bog plants, Dr. Larry Mellichamp <http: //gardens. uncc. edu/garden-galleries/mcmillangreenhouse. html> Creating a Bog Garden - Sustainable Landscapes, Mississippi State University Extension service <http: //msucares. com/lawn/landscape/sustainable/bog. html> Building a Pitcher Plant Bog by The Georgia Endangered Plant Stewardship Network , Georgia Botanical Garden <http: //www. plantdel. com/Tony/pitcher. html> Best Carnivorous Plants Photo gallery, Czechoslovakia, many American species <http: //www. bestcarnivorousplants. org/fotogalerie/menu. html> Carnivorous Plants Database <http: //www. omnisterra. com/bot/cp_home. cgi> International Carnivorous Plant Society Fact Pages <http: //www. sarracenia. com/faq. html> Carnivorous Plant Newsletter, official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society - the largest carnivorous plant society in the world. Annually 130 pages of original information for the public. <http: //www. carnivorousplants. org/cpnmain. html> Sample articles from the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter <http: //www. carnivorousplants. org/cpn/samples/samplemain. htm> Making A Bog Garden <http: //www. ipcc. ie/boggarden. html> Making a Bog Garden © 2000 Rob Sacilotto <http: //www. pitcherplant. com/bog_making. html> Building a Sphagnum Bog Garden by Roberta and Fred Case<http: //www. orchidmall. com/general/sphagbog. htm Build a simple bog garden <http: //www. rainyside. com/archives/bog_garden. html> Chapter 8: A Bog Garden by by C. Colston Burrell from The Natural Water Garden, sold by Brooklyn Botanical Garden http: //www. bbg. org/gar 2/topics/design/handbooks/watergarden/8. html Carnivorous Plants Photo finder <http: //www. cpphotofinder. com/> From the Backyard Gardener Site <http: //www. backyardgardener. com/bog/index. html> The Curious World Carnivorous Plants: A comprehensive Guide to Their Biology and Cultivation by Wilhelm Barthlott, Stefan Porembski, Rudiger Seine and Inge Theisen, Timber Press, 2007 Pitcher Plants of the Americas by Stewart Mc. Pherson, 2006 The Savage Garden: Cultivating carnivorous plants by Peter D’Amato, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA, 1998 Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada by Donald E. Schnell, Timber Press, Portland, OR, 2002
Nursery Sources available to South Carolina Niche Gardens, 1111 Dawson Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 Phone: 919 -967 -0078 || fax: 919 -967 -4026 http: //www. nichegardens. com/ University of North Carolina Charlotte Botanical Gardens have plants for sale at their build-a-bog-dish-garden workshops and spring plant sale <http: //gardens. uncc. edu/> Carolina Carnivorous Gardens, Charlotte, NC, David Crump at 704 -458 -8538 has nice Sarracenias – species and hybrids, sundews and Venus’-flytraps. Carnivorous Plant Connection Email Josh. Lynch@gmail. com <http: //www. cp-connection. com/> Plant Delights Nursery, Inc. , 9241 Sauls Road, Raleigh, NC 27603 Phone: (919) 772 -4794 Fax: (919) 662 -0370 <http: //www. plantdelights. com/> Sarracenia 12, Venus Flytrap Kyle's Carnivorous Plants - Kyle Rollins, Greer, South Carolina <kyle@kyleskillerplants. com> <www. kyleskillerplants. com> (864) 895 -8744 2130 Noe Rd, Greer, SC 29651 Aquascapes Unlimited, Inc. , P. O. Box 364 • Pipersville, PA 18947, Phone: 215 -766 -8151, Fax: 215 -766 -8986 E-Mail: wetland@comcat. com <http: //www. aquascapesunlimited. com/> Flytrap Farm in Supply, NC 1 -866 -VFT-FARM <http: //flytrapfarm. com/home. php> Woodley's Garden Center, 10015 Two Notch Rd. , Columbia, SC (803) 788 -1487 <http: //www. woodleygardencenter. com/> Botanique nursery: Rob Sacilotto, 387 Pitcher Plant Ln. , Stanardsville, VA 22973. Please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you want a reply. Retail orders under $200 no longer accepted. E-mail: rob@pitcherplant. com website <http: //www. pitcherplant. com/> Live Sphagnum Moss- Carolina Biological Supply Company is a good source. You can reach them at 2700 York Road, Burlington, N. C. 27215; (800) 334 -5551 Meadowview Biological Research Station in Woodford, Virginia, is a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and restoring pitcher plant bogs in Maryland Virginia. A beginner’s package of one pitcher plant, a Venus flytrap, and a sundew is available for $15 from its Web site <www. pitcherplant. org> (840) 633 -4336. California Carnivores, Sebastopol, CA. (707) 824 -0433. <www. californiacarnivores. com>. (No catalog)
PLANTING A CONTAINER BOG Select an all-weather pot or container that is wide non-draining, shallow non-draining and 3 to 5 inches deep. I have successfully used pansy planters (with the drain hole plugged), birdbaths (with or without the pedestal). The single drain hole in shallow wide terracotta pots can be plugged using a rubber chair leg foot. If a drain hole in a plastic pot is too small to easily plug I enlarge the hole with a 7/8 inch diameter cylindrical hole saw, which is perfect for the smallest rubber chair foot. When choosing plants think scale, rate of growth and spreading nature (avoid long running plants, except for orchids) when planting as you do not want one plant to dominate the container in height or width. Many bog plants are rather miniature, particularly sundews and butterworts. Clumping plants like Sarracenias (pitcherplants), Eriocaulon (Bog Buttons), Marshallia (Barbara's Buttons) and Lobelia (Cardinal Flowers and Blue Lobelias) should be regularly divided in late fall or winter. Greatly avoid native Horsetail (Equisetum) also called Scouring Rush. Using a large hand trowel mix your media in a separate container. My personal successful recipe for bog soil is three parts pine bark mini-nuggets with one part clean, coarse, washed sand, often called builders sand. Do not use beach sand or sandbox sand. I bought coarse sand from a local mine near Lexington, hauling it in my pickup. When building our large in-ground bog in Spring 2009 I could not find the bark product I wanted, so I used three parts pine bark mulch from Walmart, mixed with the coarse sand. The bark mulch contained very little sapwood and had small enough pieces. It too has worked perfectly. I think the acidity in enhanced by the decomposition of the pine bark pieces. Bog gardening expert Dr. Larry Mellichamp at the University of North Carolina Charlotte recommends a bog media mix of 50 to 60 percent Canadian Peat, moistened, to 40 to 60 percent clean sharp sand. He used pool filter sand in 50 pound bags from Home Depot. He recommends adding some compost or organic material for fertility. He fertilizes a little at a much reduced rate of 2 teaspoons Miracid (which is acidic) to one gallon of water once a month. Keep the plants very moist - not saturated - but wet. Fill the non-draining container to the brim, slightly overfilling, and insert plants high, removing most of the original potting soil so roots are exposed. Put tallest growing plants in the center or back side so shorter ones are visible. Water the plants in. Add a groundcover around plants of well-wetted long-fiber sphagnum moss, sold in a small bale (Mosser-Lee one brand), not Canadian peat. In time the moss will regenerate. Native shade mudflower (Micranthemum umbrosum) also works well as a prostrate ground cover. If you can collect your own live sphagnum, take it in small clumps and plant shallow at the media surface on sand where the sphagnum will fill in gradually.
UPKEEP OF CONTAINER BOGS My several container bogs and large in-ground bog receive regular watering from both rain and our 100 foot well, which has acidic water. But the two container bogs at my son's patio home just get rain and lawn irrigation from a commercial source, containing chlorine. A tiered fountain bog at my sister-in-law's home also received a combination of rain and treated drinking water. Bogs in all three yards thrive with little care. Look out for violets and St. Johns Worts (Hypericum). Watch Yellow-eyed grass (Xyris tortifolia), sedges and grasses as they tend to take over. Divide and share both plants and seeds as needed to keep your mini-bog from becoming overcrowded. Learn to identify and remove undesirable weedy plants, shrubs and trees. Pull out obviously spreading or whelming grasses and the attractive round-leaved Marsh Pennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata). Learn to recognize pesty perennials like the sedges and seedling trees. Remove them when small. Centella asiatica is also a significant pest. Learn to recognize the "new gold" in your mini-bog, the seedlings and offshoots of highlydesirable species, like pitcherplants, sundews, even Venus Flytraps. Let your Polygala lutea drop seed as the big plant will die, being biennial. Move new plants to a new bog and share them with your friends
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