SONG TO THE MEN OF ENGLAND PERCY BYSSHE

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SONG TO THE MEN OF ENGLAND PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY

The Poem This poem shows the message that Shelley wants to put across. He wants the 'bees of England' (the workers) to become independent and not live under the suppressed regime of the 'tyrants'. He wants them to understand that they don't need to serve for anyone and need not to be treated like slaves. Throughout the poem, Shelley states what is happening, and also what the workers should do to have the rights of freedom.

About the Author Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in August 1792 and died in July 1822. He was one of the major English romantic poets. Like many of. Song to theromantic poets, he died at a young This poem, the young Men of England, was written in age (29). 1819, three years prior to his death. He became an idol of the next two or three or even four generations of poets. wanted to fight Tyranny and Throughout his life, he slavery. married goal was to lead and had life of In 1811, he His main. Harriet Westbrookmen to “aa child. freedom, he later abandoned his of the beautiful. However, love, and apprehension pregnant wife and child and ran away with a woman named Mary. Later, his wife This poem was herself, and Shelley married Mary, of Harriet drowned written for the working class peoplepartly to England, during the French failed. hold custody to his child, but Revolution. It was written He with the samesudden storm, and other romantics at that drowned in a purpose as many never lived to see the time: of his the working influence in generations to come. extentto urgesuccess and class of Great Britain to rebel . . .

The Title Song to the Men of England The title of the poem refers to the poor working class of England. The title is direct, and the men are addressed personally by the word “to”. The poem is like a song, the structure is songlike, and the word song can also relate to a protest, like how the bird sings in protest in “Caged Bird”, or a march against the lords who treat them badly. Therefore, the title reveals that the poem is dedicated to the workers of England. It is a form of a protest in the format of a song

A N T O T N N A I O

Stanza 1 Men of England, wherefore plough For the lords who lay ye low? Wherefore weave with toil and care The rich robes your tyrants wear? "Men of England wherefore plough/Forthis stanza: In Three examples of “tyrant” is also used frequently throughout The use of the word alliteration is evident in this stanza, and addition, rhetorical questions is used in the lord who lay This divides the two word have authority “lordsye low? “ ye low”, The repeated classes, the poem. This suggests “Wherefore weave” and “rich also in stanzas to come. that the people who“wherefore” workers and the ones who robes”. why), is respected are exploit them, referred as and“tyrants”. In this way, followed by words and the power (meaning are more well always the author criticizes have oppressive with negative connotations, in the fact that those “low” work the land system and this case, “lay” and who is using a The use of alliteration suggests the poet are mistreated. He sympathizes with them but mocking to know the reason questions let themselves wants tone, as of rhetorical they therefore The excessive use to know whywhy workers have not already exploited. to be rebelled against the tiresome work the “men of emphasizes the suffering and lords England” is put through frequently.

Stanza 2 Wherefore feed and clothe and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat -nay, drink your blood? In. The idea of hierarchy uses “and” the third linein the first this stanza, the poet is noted in three times of this stanza, emphasize the workers drone is someone who “Drain to with the – nay, drink A working is their masters. stanza your sweat word “drone”your blood” for a metaphor does describe the intensity the workers are forced to work. used tono work, and lives off others. In addition, another definition of “drain” highly ranked bee to does not The two verbsdrone is and “sweat” metaphor. “Cradle” “From the cradle to theagrave” is a are usedthatdescribe the work and the lord at bleeding Therefore “grave” uses workers sweating and a honey. as they worked. symbolises produces no young age, wherethe poet symbolises bees as Therefore, to saying the people of England. older age. a metaphor it isdescribethat the workers work for the The worker bees their life masters throughoutare the workers of England, and the lords are drones.

Stanza 3 Wherefore, Bees of England, forge Many a weapon, chain, and scourge, That these stingless drones may spoil The forced produce of your toil? The idea of hierarchy “stingless” adds to in stanza three. the In addition, the word is mentioned also the laziness of The Stinglessis replaced“toil” carry lords are Here, “men” also and by “bees”, which describes the lords. words “forced” implies that the negative powerless connotations, in by the workers“sting”, they are aof the hard workers, as is used to no of England, as bee without work putand they have describe the crueltyweak and lords defend works the workers. These cannot tohard. themselves. words makes the workers seem as though they are this stanza, amount used to Onceword “many” is used topushed to the which is of goods The more, drone is used in describe work continuously, with great difficulty. This therefore creates an“drones” the describe produce. It ranks in England. The image of the workersthe different also signifies the long hours andare injustice who don’t work, the lords effort put into the produce. where the bees are the workers.

Stanza 4 Have ye leisure, comfort, calm, Shelter, food, love's gentle balm? Or what is it ye buy so dear With your pain and with your fear? Unlike the it ye buy so dear With your pain what the “Or what isprevious stanzas, this stanza states and with your workers should have. The idea of social injustice is fear” is ironic, asstanza, as the workersrewards, but in this shown in this work usually brings don’t have case work brings agony and pain. have to work for “leisure, comfort, calm”, but instead the lords. “Pain” and “fear” suggests harsh work the men of England Therefore, this stanza means that have positive does. words such as “leisure, comfort, calm” hard work should connotations, and reap great rewards. a ‘soft’ words, which creates a gentle atmosphere.

Stanza 5 The seed ye sow, another reaps; The wealth ye find, another keeps; The robes ye weave, another wears; The arms ye forge, another bears. This stanza summarises the regular. stanzas, are made The structure of the stanza is previous The lines by saying what is happening when no action is lines to rebel even, with six words per line, and all the takenhave the same against others. idea – the things you make are for the lords. The similar Sowing makes it seem like the workers are continually the structureand weaving was mentioned in stanza 1, where taken poet asks by the lords, plough the land they make robes advantage of why workers as all the things and weave are kept for lords by the lords, wealth was mentioned in stanza 4, where the comforts and luxuries which the workers should have are noted, and forging weapons is mentioned in the third.

Stanza 6 Sow seed, -but let no tyrant reap; Find wealth, -let no imposter heap; Weave robes, -let not the idle wear; Forge arms, in your defence to bear. The use of imperatives are present in this stanza, which This stanza uses the same ideas from stanza five, and suggests aggressiveness from thethe previous stanza, has a similar structure. Unlike poet. A more harsh tone is established in this stanza, and this which demonstrates what is happening currently, tone becomes increasingly harsh as thinks should happen stanza represents what the poem continues Once again, the actions of farming, weaving and forging Theare present, like used to describe the lords are replaced word “another” in stanza five. with harsher words, such as “tyrant” and “imposter”. The use of these words implies the lords’ cruelty.

Stanza 7 Shrink to your cellars, holes, and cells; In halls ye deck another dwells. Why shake the chains ye wrought? Ye see The steel ye tempered glance on ye. “cellars, holes, and cells” creates a a diminishing value, The word “shrink” gives the workersdismal atmosphere. It The rhetorical question “Why shake the chains yeeven makes them, seem unimportant and inferior to the and the workers seem poor and unhappy, and wrought? ” relates to the firstshrink referring symbolise a criminal in a way, with the word cellcould alsoto a rhetorical lords. However, the word few stanzas, where jail. These questions are common. taking, the workers, as it creates three words creates sympathy toas the lords support to strike the workers are an surviveas a bad place thedwell. image diminishes as to workers refuse to work. “The steel ye tempered glance on ye” is an example of the lords’ cruelty used workers. It is also an example of the “shrink”, when to thein conjunction with “cellars, holes, and lords taking advantage like the workers how the workers cells” also makes it seemof the workers – are scheming a plan make the lords. againstthings and the lords use them against the workers.

Stanza 8 With plough and spade and hoe and loom, Trace your grave, and build your tomb, And weave your winding-sheet, till fair England be your sepulchre! The first two lines of in the poem is one with a mocking The last stanza the stanza is a metaphor, which describes what will happen if thebuilds his frustration up to this tone. The poet workers continue working the way they are. point, and here, his frustration is released, and he states what the workers futures will be once The tools “plough”, “spade”, “hoe” and “loom” are tools which workers use while working, and the word “build” suggests that if they continue working the way they are working to “build” their own death. The next line, “and weave your winding-sheet, till fair” continues this interpretation, showing that they are creating their own death

Themes Social Injustice Exploitation Poverty The Throughout thepoverty, signs thethe lords exploiting workers live in poem, and of lords live in luxury. Thethe in theand thealso relates to the lords having more workers poem lords Poverty workers are evidentare not treated the same, with the workers being workers, therefore, the rich getting richer, control than thetreated worse. Discrimination and Social and injustice getting poorer. the in the produced by the poor lords keep all themegoods poem. The is an evident of workers, and the workers get little return for them, Unlike is lords, in stanza 7, wherein stanza 7 luxuries Povertytheshown workers are shown thebe deniedlive in and are often punished, shown to workers such as “leisure, comfort, and the and ye” are things the “cellars, holes andtempered glance onthese in “the halls ye “The steel ye cells”, calm”, lords live workers need to rebel for. deck”

Tone, Form and Structure The poem is build up of eight stanzas, each with four lines, which gives the poem rhythm There is rhyme (mostly AABB), and there is a constant rhythm pattern throughout the poem (iambic tetrameter) The Poem starts with rhetorical questions, but slowly moves to imperatives describing what the workers should do. The tone of the stanzas increasingly becomes harsher as the poem continues.

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